ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN S ASSOCIATION. 75 



which is named Hpzle. This unites with an atom of oxygen, 

 forming oxide of lipzle— -C3H2O1. Now margarine con- 

 sists of — 



I of margaric acid ..., , (^34H34C)4 



I of oxide lipzle 321 



Gives I margarine — C37H36O5 



*' Butter oil consists of — 



I of oleic acid of butter C34H31O5 



1 of oxide of lipzle 321 



Gives ....« I of butter oil — C37H33O6 



'' Now, when the oxide of Hpzle is separated from the 

 fatty acids, it unites with water and forms glycerine, or oil 

 sugar — 



2 of oxide of lipzle C6H4O2 



3 of water ., 3 3 



Gives ^ I of glycerine— C6H7O5 



'' If we add this glycerine to a mixture oi sulphuric 

 and fumigating nitric acids, pouring it into water and wash- 

 ing upon a filter, we have glonoin, or nitro-glycerine, a 

 substance which holds in reserve power sufficient to level 

 mountain ranges." 



The following paper by Stephen Patrick, of Truxton, 

 N. Y., on " The Origin of Soils, their Formation and Dis- 

 tribution : Explaining the soils and climates best adapted 

 to dairying and the method of increasing their adaptation," 

 was read by R. M. Patrick, of Marengo : 



STEPHEN PATRICK'S PAPER. 



Gentlemen of the Illiiiois State Dairymen' s Association : 

 In compliance with a request of a member of your associa- 

 tion I write a brief essay upon *' The origin of soils, their 

 formation and distributions; explaining the soils and cli- 

 mates best adapted to dairying and the method of increas- 

 ing their adaptation." 



1st. The origin of soils ; their formation. In giving 

 my views of the origin of soils and their formation I will 

 give briefly a synopsis of the combined theories of modern 

 geologists, who substantially agree that all soils have their 



