44 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



and by Messrs. Hassel & Teudt, of Copenhagen. For farm purposes, ma- 

 chines having a diameter of from thirty inches to forty-five inches are most 

 in request, and cost from £6 to £12 each, according to the size. They are 

 capable of making from one to two hundred pounds of butter per day, each 

 machine requiring the attention of only one dairymaid. For smaller occu- 

 pations, a straight machine on the same principle, but of more simple con- 

 struction (Steenstrup's patent), is manufactured by Messrs. Caroc & Leth, 

 of Aarhuus, and by Messrs. S. H. Lundh & Co., of Christiana. It will 



* make ' about twenty pounds of butter daily, with very little labor on the 

 part of the dairymaid, and its price is from 16s. to 30s. The process of 



* making ' consists in passing |the butter under the grooved roller, thus 

 expressing the buttermilk, which runs off along the grooves on each side of 

 the machine. 



" In the report of Mr. Eainals, dated May, 1860, it is stated that ' the 

 butter, or the article sold in the market by the yeoman-farmers under that 

 name, is execrably bad ; it is strongly salted with the commonest salt, while 

 in its preparation so little regard is paid to the proper extraction of the 

 whey {sic), or even to cleanliness, that it appears strange that such produce 

 can find sale.' All this has been changed, owing to the scientific exertions 

 of Professor Segelcke, and the practical aid of Mr. Friis, of Lillerup. Pro- 

 fessor Wilson has indicated in his report the efforts and the improvements 

 made by these gentlemen in the rationale of butter-making, so I will con- 

 tent myself by giving a brief sketch of an institution established in Copen- 

 hagen on the factory principle, by means of which the best Danish butter 

 commands high prices in all quarters of the globe, and is sold in London in 

 one pound tins at Is. lOid. per pound, in quantities of not less than one 

 hundred pounds. This institution is popularly known as the Scandinavian 

 Preserved Butter Company, and trades under the style and title of Messrs. 

 Busck, Jun., & Co. It was established in 1863, and has a subscribed capital 

 of about £25,000. Its chief business is to manufacture first-class butter and 

 pack it in tins for exportation. Most of this ' tinned ' or ' preserved ' 

 butter comes to England for re-exportation to Brazil, India, and other trop- 

 ical countries, for which purpose it fetches the high price just named. The 

 premises, machinery, and organization of the company enable it to tin and 

 turn out about ten tons of butter per diem, therefore it may be of interest 

 to English dairy-farmers to learn the precise manner in which this result is 

 arrived at. 



" The company has contracts wdth a large number of dairy-farmers in 

 Denmark and the south of Sweden ; probably with not less than one hun- 

 dred and fifty in the Danish monarchy alone, to the effect that they agree to 

 deliver practically the w^hole of their butter to the company at stated times ; 

 the butter to be made and packed according to the regulations laid down by 

 the said company. The chief features of the regulations are that the butter 

 must be made from sweet cream, the whole of the buttermilk must not be 

 expressed, and the butter musl be packed in kegs properly prepared with a 

 certain amount of salt npon tUe textile lining. 



" Mr. Consul-General Westenholz has kindly favored me with the follow- 



