ILLINOIS DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



247 



parts of the butter, especially if the sample has been warmed up, 

 Pouring is the best way. 



When lumps of cream are not broken up by pouring and the 

 milk is not curdled, it will often help matters to warm the sample 

 by placing the jar of milk in warm water a few minutes. 



Composite samples may be taken when it is desired to test all 

 of the milk produced in a week or two, but do not want to test 

 each milking separately. They should be used at the creamery 

 for determining the amount of fat brought by each patron. 

 Taken as follows : Into a jar which has a tight cover, put a cor- 

 rosive sublimate tablet, or small quantity of bichromate of pota- 

 sium, and each day add a small amount of milk. Care should be 

 taken to see that the new milk and any cream adhering to the 

 sides of the vessel are thoroughly mixed by rotating rather than 

 by shaking the jar. 



At the end of the desired period test this composite sample 

 in the usual way, with the pounds of milk given during the period 

 covered by the sample, and the per cent of fat given by the test, 

 the pounds of fat produced are easily determined. 



In creamery practice, if the composite sample has not kept 

 properly it can often be dissolved by putting a very little common 

 lye into the sample when ready to test, and allow it to stand a 

 short time, shaking it occasionally. 



Test not clear, may be due to too strong acid, in which case 

 use less of it, or allowing the milk and acid to stand before mix- 

 ing. Particles of cork in the acid may do it. If acid is weak 

 there will be a light deposit below the fat column; it may be 

 avoided by using more acid. 



Reading should be done from the lowest part of the bottom 

 curve of the fat column to the point where the upper curve of the 

 fat touches the glass. A pair of dividers may be used in read- 

 ing. Spread the points as far apart as the length of the fat 

 columns ; then place the lower one on the zero mark, and the 

 upper point shows the reading. 



Fertilizing Material Removed in Farm Products. — The fol- 

 lowing figures are presented to emphasize the reason why it is 



