ILLINOIS DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 13 



of the COW for the year. If the figures as given for the year be divided by the 

 number of days in the year it v^ill give us the average yield of the cow for a 

 day, which amounts to two and six-tenths quarts for the cows of the United 

 States. What shall I say of the cows of Illinois? I will say that their 

 average, figured as above, varies but little from that of the cow as given for 

 the United States. The United States census for 1880 gives the following 

 statistics in regard to butter and cheese : Butter made by agriculturists, 

 777,250,287 pounds; by creameries, 16,471,163 pounds; and by cheese and butter 

 factories, 12,950,621 pounds; the whole aggregating 806,672,071 pounds. 



The cheese made by farmers is reported to be 27,272,489 pounds; by cheese 

 factories, 171,750,475, and that of butter and cheese factories, 44,134,866; 

 aggregating 243,157,850 pounds. 



It will require about two and three-quarter gallons of milk to make one 

 pound of butter; this being so it would call for 2,218,348,166 gallons of milk 

 to make the butter alone; and if we add to this the amount required for 

 cheese, allowing one gallon for a pound of cheese, we must add for the cheese 

 243,157,850 gallons ; thus making the sum total required for both butter and 

 cheese, 2,463,506,046 gallons. Now if we deduct this from the amount of milk 

 given by the Washington statistician it will leave us 330,192,474 gallons to 

 supply all the cities in the United States in addition to the milk obtained 

 from a few cows in the cities not enumerated by the census. The foregoing 

 amount left after deducting that for butter and cheese, would something 

 more than supply Chicago's lacteal cravings for the present year. 



It is a well settled fact that it will not pay any dairyman to keep a cow 

 in his dairy that does not give over two and a half quarts of milk per day on 

 an average for the year. Such a cow is only fit for the shambles. No cow is 

 worthy of being retained in a dairy for the purpose of making butter and 

 cheese, or selling milk, unless she will produce at least four thousand pounds 

 of milk annually. Such a cow will do a little more than pay her yearly ex- 

 penses. 



The increase of the population in the United States by birth is about 

 4,193,888, and that by immigration is nearly or quite 2,496,736, for the last 

 four years. This, added to the census returns, will give us a population of 

 56,846,408 at the present time. Now it is computed that the inhabitants of 

 this country consume annually about fourteen and a half pounds of butter 

 per capita. 1 am led to believe that this figure is not in excess of the actual 

 amount so consumed, as it gives only about five-eighths of an ounce to each 

 individual per day including all used in the manufactures where that product 

 is used. Assuming this to be correct, we will require for home consumption 

 alone about 810,061,314 pounds. This will be about 3,384,343 pounds in ex- 

 cess of the amount given by the census of 1880. 



It is believed that the people of this country use more butter per capita 

 than any other nation on the face of the globe. 



We touch cheese lightly, only consuming about tour pounds per capita 

 per annum. 



The adulteration of human food in my judgment is one of the greatest 

 curses that ever befell this nation, not even excepting the civil war, which 

 placed, in premature graves its hundreds of thousands. While the adultera- 



