ILLINOIS DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 79 



should be used for mains. If ditches, do not use tiles instead. If tiles, get 

 the right size and put them in properly. Look well ahead when locating 

 drains. Know where you are coming out as well as where you begin. See 

 that the details of your work are carried out in a thorough manner. Master 

 the theory and art of drainage, if possible, and apply your knowledge to the 

 work in spite of all the remonstrances of so called " practical ditchers." 



DRAIN WATER FOR STOCK. 



Perhaps mention should be made in this connection of the use of drains 

 in supplying stock with water. In some localities drain-water may be util- 

 ized in this way very profitably. There are a number of " ifs " and " ands" 

 about the matter that ought to be considered. We note first, that if drainage 

 has been done thoroughly, the supply of water will fail when needed most, 

 that is, in a dry time. If good drainage is desired for all of the land included 

 within the range of the drains, no watering place should be arranged that 

 would interfere with their operation in any way. Sometimes the nature of 

 the land is such that the outlet can be protected, and a paving of timbers or 

 stones made so that animals can drink without interfering with the flow of 

 water or getting into the mud themselves. 



Where the fall is sufficient there are several ways in which drain water 

 may be made accessible to stock without in any way interfering with, or in- 

 juring the drain. At some point along the line of the drain where the fall is 

 sufficient, place an eight-inch tile in an upright position underneath a joint 

 of the drain so that it will act as a small well. Insert the end of a gas-pipe 

 into this well just beneath the floor of the drain, and extend the pipe down 

 the ditch beside the tile until a point is reached where, if the pipe were turned 

 upward to the surface, it would still be a little lower than the upper end of 

 the pipe at the well or reservoir. If there is enough fall in the distance, the 

 pipe may be extended so as to discharge into a tub or trough at a convenient 

 height from the ground. A waste pipe may be attached which will convey 

 the overflow back into the drain. This arrangement of pipes will furnish a 

 supply of water for stock as long as there is any water flowing in the drain 

 at the small well, and will in no way interfere with the perfect action of the 

 drain. 



Another plan the feasibility of which depends entirely upon the surface 

 of the ground adjacent to the outlet, is as follows : Let the drain water of a 

 field be collected in a tank or well of greater or less depth. Kow take the 

 point at which the water is to be discharged, which may be a trough at a 

 convenient height, a little lower than the level of the outlet tiles which dis- 

 charge into the well, and lay a watertight pipe from a point near the bottom 

 of the well to the watering trough. This pipe should be sewer pipe with 

 cemented joints and laid as drain pipes are usually laid. The pipe should be 

 large enough to discharge the water from the well as fast as it comes from 

 the drains, thereby keeping the drains in perfect action. This plan, it will 

 be observed, requires land with considerable fall near the outlet and cannot 

 be used in flat sections. 



In thus earnestly calling the attention of the dairy interest of our State 

 to the value of drainage, I am confident that no more prominence has been 



