ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 47 



a tenant on our place that takes two-thirds and gives us one- 

 third, while the Doras are tenants that give us half and take 

 half. 



DISCUSSION. 



Mr. Monrad: Will 3^ou explain about this three or four 

 cent butter? 



Prof. Haecker: Bro. Monrad is always afraid that I will 

 make too good a showing. I find that by having the cows 

 come in in the fall or early winter, that I can keep them 

 nearly in full flow until spring, with proper care and feed. 

 We prefer also to have them fresh in the fall because the 

 boys come to the School of Agriculture and we need the milk 

 for class work and for the dininji,- hall. In Minnesota, the 

 feed stuffs are rather cheap, and in the fall, when grain is 

 the cheapest and mill stuffs purchased at the lowest figure, 

 I lay in the winter supply for the dairy herd. Then I charge 

 the cows whatever T have to pay for the feed; this is the 

 basis of the work that I am giving you. So the cows were 

 fresh or nearly so when this work was done and these re- 

 sults have been obtained because we have had cheap food 

 and the cows ha^e had the right kind of care and manage- 

 ment. If I should undertake to give these cows an unbal- 

 anced ration, I would not get nearly as good results. I find 

 that in order to have a cow do her very best, she must have 

 just the nutrients she needs in making milk, which is, after 

 all, very simple. If you have a man work for you, you give 

 him the tools that he needs, with which to do the work, and 

 we must do the same thing with the cow ; we must not burden 

 her with anything she has no use for; consequently, in the 

 fall of the year I figure out how I shall mix this food to give 

 the cow just the amount of protein, the milk-making material, 

 and just the amount carbo-hydrates, the heat producing 

 material, that she needs, and that she has no surplus of either, 

 because she can use them only in certain proportions. If I 

 should feed my cows a heavy grain ration of corn, they would 

 get too much heat-producing element; they would have caked 

 udders and probably the second year they would go dry, or 

 begin to lay on flesh, because they had not enough protein, 



