i 4 4 



allied to nature, as to be transmitted from ancestor to offspring 

 from generation to generation. 



Land in that country is extremely high, rents are enormous, 

 and hence dairymen can afford to keep none but the very best 

 class of cows. As soon as a cow has proven by trial that she 

 is not superior she is sent to the shambles, the carcass of an ordi- 

 nary cow being of more value for beef than the cow would be 

 in the dairy. Her offspring are also disposed of in the same 

 manner, for these observing and shrewd breeders long since 

 learned that they must not look for superior cows from inferior 

 ancestors. 



This peculiar combination of circumstances, necessities and 

 surroundings, has forced upon that country a rigid, practical 

 system of selection, which is almost universal. This system, 

 although slow in its results in comparison wi*:h scientific breed- 

 ing, has been in vogue so many centuries that the inferior ele- 

 ments of the breed have become almost extinct. There is, of 

 course, the same difference between individuals and families 

 there as here, but the standard is much higher. Thus briefly 

 have we surveyed the conditions which have contributed to the 

 production of the majestic black and white cattle which have 

 inspired so much enthusiasm on the part of those who have been 

 breeding them in this country. 



I think it safe to say that no other breed of cattle has ever 

 grown so rapidly and universally into favor in so short a time in 

 America. 



The sources of profit from dairy breeds are: First, milk; 

 second, butter and skim-milk for feeding; third, cheese; fourth, 

 offspring; fifth, the carcass for beef. In point of value these 

 products come about in the order named. In estimating the 

 value of a dairy breed its ability to yield profitable returns from 

 each and all the sources should be considered. The breed that 

 wall leave the largest balance from all sources on the credit side, 

 after deducting keeping and care, is the most profitable and 

 hence the most desirable. 



