322 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION!. 



3. Concrete footing with blocks laid on end and filled with 

 concrete. 



4. Concrete footing and foundation extending to about one 

 foot above the grade line. 



No. I type of foundation. The first course of footing is 16 

 inches wide, made of two eight-inch blocks laid flatwise side by 

 side. Then the next course, 12 inches in width, should consist 

 of blocks laid flat crosswise and bedded in mortar. This com- 

 pletes the footing and the third course becomes the first course 

 of the wall. The third and each succeeding course should be Hb- 

 erally mortared or plastered at the outside of the vertical joint. 

 This reduces the liability of water getting into any course of the 

 foundation. The lower course if connected to a drain would ren- 

 der any other drainage unnecessary. 



No. 2 type of foundation. This form of foundation simply 

 consists of a concrete footing which is placed in a trench at the 

 bottom of the pit, 12 inches or one spade deep, 8 inches or one 

 spade wide at the top, flared to 16 inches in width at the bottom. 

 On the top of this footing is placed the wall built of blocks. 



These two types of foundation are often advisable because 

 a form is not required for building them. Choice between Nos. 

 I and 2 would depend entirely upon their relative cost. In com- 

 munities where sand and gravel are expensive, No. i would be 

 cheaper. 



Perhaps the greatest objection that can be foreseen to these 

 two forms of foundation is the possibility of the blocks of the 

 wall filling with water, which through carelessness or faulty 

 drainage might be standing against the wall. In case water 

 stands against the wall, it would in time seep through the faulty 

 mortar joints into the air space of the wall, where it might do 

 damage by freezing. 



In order to prevent any such trouble, the outer joints may be 

 left open at a point directly under the roof down spout, at which 

 point there should of course be special provisions for carrying 

 away all surface water which may collect. This may be easily 

 accomplished by filling over an opening in the drain tile with 



