FIFTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION 83 



rations there is more danger of a lack of calcium than there 

 is of phosphorus. This is because the protein-rich feeds 

 most common in Wisconsin are also rich in phosphorus. 

 This includes wheat bran in particular and also wheat mid- 

 dlings, cottonseed meal, and linseed meal. Gluten feed, 

 germ oil meal (corn germ meal), or brewers' grains and 

 distillers' grains are not especially high in phosphorus. 



When 20 per cent or more of the concentrate mixture 

 or grain mixture consists of wheat bran, wheat middlings, 

 linseed meal or cottonseed meal, the cows will get plenty 

 of phosphorus. If less of these high phosphorus feeds are 

 fed, it is best to supply additional phosphorus by adding 

 bone meal, ground rock phosphate, or acid phosphate, as 

 stated later. 



Calcium is Important. 



A large production of milk and thrifty calves are an 

 impossibility if there is a lack of calcium in the ration. The 

 best way of furnishing plenty of lime is to grow and feed 

 an abundance of alfalfa, clover, or soybean hay whenever 

 it is possible. All legume hays are rich in lime. Further- 

 more, well-cured, green colored legume hay contains a 

 vitamine which animals need to enable them to assimilate 

 and use the calcium in their feed. 



If poor roughage must be used, such as hay from the 

 grasses (not legumes) corn stover grown on acid soil, or 

 straw, add 3 to 4 pounds of ground lime stone, wood ashes, 

 or dried marl to each 100 pounds of concentrate or grain 

 mixture. Non-dolomitic (non-magnesian) limestone may 

 be preferable to dolomitic limestone. This point has not 

 been yet settled by actual experiments. 



If there is not 20 per cent of high-phosphorus feeds in 

 the concentrate mixture (wheat bran, wheat middlings, lin- 

 seqd meal, and cottonseed meal), it is best to use 3 to 4 

 pounds of steamed bone meal, ground rock phosphate, or 

 acid phosphate with each 100 pounds of the concentrate 

 mixture, instead of using the limestone, wood ashes, or 

 meal. Bone meal and the phosphates supply both calcium 

 and phosphorus, while limestone, wood ashes, and marl fur- 



