144 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 



The owner's suspicion is first aroused when one or more 

 quarters become abnormally large, hot, and painful, while 

 the efforts of the calf to obtain nourishment are evidently 

 unsuccessful. Examination usually reveals the fact that the 

 teat orifice is wanting, but there will be seen clearly a dis- 

 tinct ring surrounding the slight depression where the teat 

 orifice should be. 



Treatment — Treatment is obviously surgical. The ori- 

 fice may be artificially established by means of a large, 

 sterile needle or a small-bladed knife thrust through the 

 sterilized skin perpendicularly at the center of the de- 

 pression. 



To prevent closure by healing, it is advisable to insert 

 a milk tube, with usual precautions as to sterilization, at 

 milking time, and to replace it between milkings with a 

 sterile teat dilator, or even a strand of antiseptic tape, to 

 act as a set on. 



Healing may be promoted by the application of an oint- 

 ment of the balsam of tolu, or the fluid extract of belladonna 

 and glycerin. Should the opening become sealed during the 

 healing process, it will become necessary to repeat the pro- 

 cess already described. 



Insect Stings. 



Cattle are more or less liable to the stings of bees, 

 wasps, or hornets while grazing among clover, alfalfa, or 

 other blossoms. The udder is a frequent point of attack 

 because it is not so well protected by hair as other parts of 

 the body, and, on account of its pendulous position, is more 

 readily accessible to the aroused insect. The sting injects 

 beneath the victim's skin an actively poisonous secretion 

 which is highly irritating and which may eventually prove 

 detrimental to the health and life of the skin. Insect stings, 

 when inflicted in sufficient numbers, have been known to 

 produce a severe, nervous depression, or even the death of 

 the victim. 



Treatment — The injured area should be bathed in a 4 

 per cent solution of amnonia or a potassium permanganate 

 solution. Internal stimulants may be administered in the 



