FIFTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION 175 



panied by dilated or expanded nostrils. Such features are 

 the first factors to observe with respect to an animal's abil- 

 ity to efficiently utilize the food it eats. An animal possess- 

 ing a large- broad-cut mouth and dilated, prominent nos- 

 trils, is endowed with one general feature found almost 

 universally on high-producing cows, viz., a bell-shaped or 

 flaring muzzle. 



The Jaws. 



The jaws are) the initial grinding organs of the digest- 

 ive system., They, therefore, should possess strength. This 

 is displayed in the depth or width of the lower jaw bone. 

 Such a feature gives the lower part of the head a thick, 

 deep appearance on a line drawn vertically through the 

 central part of the lower jaw. 



The Eyes, 



The eyes should be judged with respect to two points: 

 First — their location and placement, and, second — their 

 expression. With regard to the first feature, they should be 

 set well apart, and housed in an extending or overhanging 

 eye socket. Width between the eyes, together with a dish- 

 like face is interpreted as an indication of intelligence. Eye 

 expressions are of various types — the small, dark, highly 

 active, nervous eye ; the large, bright, mild, contented eye ; 

 and the colorless, depressed, sickly eye. Dairy perform- 

 ance demands health and a maximum of nervous ability, 

 but, most of all, a contented, mild demeanor. Therefore, in 

 judging calves, choose the one, all other things considered, 

 that has wide-set, prominent eyes that express health and 

 contentment backed by a nervous system fully under con- 

 trol. 



The Ears. 



The ears are indicative of the quality of the animal. 

 If they are unusually large, thick, and covered with coarse, 

 wavy hair, you will, doubtless, discover on other parts of 

 the animal correlating features of coarseness. The ear 



