FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONVENTION 29 



52. Now we follow that line horizontally from left to right, 

 until we reach the vertical column headed by the figure 34. At 

 that point we find the figure 33, which tells us that our sample 

 of milk would have had a lactometer reading of 33 had the 

 reading been taken at 60 F. 



Now we proceed to find the percentage of solids not fat. In 

 column headed ''Percent of Fat" in Table II, we find the figure 

 3.5. We follow across the page on a horizontal line until we 

 come to the column headed 33. At this point we find the figures 

 8.96, which tells us that our milk contained approximately 8.96 

 percent of solids not fat. Since our milk contained 8.96 percent 

 of solids not fat and 3.5 percent of fat, it is well within the 

 limits set by law. 



To a dealer, a buyer of milk, the lactometer reading alone 

 is often of great vaule. It serves as a rapid method of testing 

 milks to locate suspicious samples. Normal milks will have a 

 lactometer reading of from 29 to 35 at 60 degrees F. If the 

 normal lactometer reading is less than 29 at 60 degrees Fahren- 

 heit one of two things may be assumed. 



1. That the milk contains an unusual amount of cream. 

 Cream is lighter than milk. A large quantity of it will therefore 

 form a light milk, with the corresponding low lactometer reading. 

 Whether or not this unusual amount of cream is present can be 

 determined by the Babcock test. 



2. That the milk has been watered. Water, like cream, is 

 lighter than milk, so that an excessive amount will give a light 

 milk with a low lactometer reading. 



If the reading of the lactometer is higher than 35 at 60 de- 

 grees Fahrenheit and the amount of fat as found by the Babcock 

 test is low, it is safe to assume that the milk has been skimmed, 

 as skim milk is heavier than whole milk. 



I have tried to cover a great many points in a short time and 

 have tried to make myself clear. If, however, there is anything 

 about which you are in doubt, or if you have any questions to 

 ask, I will be glad to answer them. 



