FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONVENTION 117 



still alive in the material on wood and muslin after 8, but dead in 

 less than i6 hours. 



The tuberculous material in thin layers on glass, wood, and 

 muslin, kept in a dark room, was proved to contain fully vir- 

 ulent, living tubercle bacilli after 30 days. The contrast is re- 

 markable, tubercle bacilli of the same kind, on the same kind of 

 material, dying in a smaller number of minutes in the sunshine 

 than the number of days they remained alive in a dark room. 



As most varieties of disease germs are more easily destroy- 

 ed by germicides than tubercle bacilli, and as tubercle bacilli, in 

 the thin layers in which they are likely to adhere to clothing, 

 blankets, rugs, draperies, furniture, walls, floors, etc., are killed 

 by the rays of the sun in less than half an hour, though they 

 remain alive in dark places a month and longer, it is reasonable 

 to draw the following conclusions : 



(a) As a general sanitary principle it is desirable that all 

 dwellings, stables, etc., should be so constructed that an abun- 

 dance of sunshine can reach their interiors. 



(b) As a general protective measure against disease germs, 

 it is an excellent practice to expose utensils for handling milk, 

 and milk cans after they have been cleaned, to direct sunlight, 

 and to hang or spread wearing apparel, blankets, bedding, rugs, 

 horse blankets, etc., periodically where the sun can shine on all 

 parts of them." 



Killing the most virulent germs that milk or cream can^ 

 be exposed to in from six to eight hours and sometimes in a? 

 short a time as thirty minutes; sunshine does not cost anything 

 and when you are exposing these utensils to the sunshine you 

 are doing yourself a benefit. We are not asking for things that 

 cost anything when we ask you to do these things that will make 

 a better grade of cream and it will bring you a larger financial 

 return, put butter on a better basis, eliminate our chief substitute 

 and competitor, and bring back to the state the reputation we 

 used to have of which we were rightfully proud. 



We have tried to have the creameries grade the cream, but 

 they have had trouble. If they start in to grade the cream, the 

 farmer whose cream does not come up to the grade ships it to 



