1 85 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



butter milk would be less. We can churn at a low temperature. I think 

 Mr. Gurler was the first to show us we can churn at a low temperature 

 and leave a sim'all percentage of fat in the buttermilk. This should leave 

 us a little bigger overrun, but I do not think the question is' practical. 



Mr. Johnson: The temperature as Mr. Monrad has stated; affect& the 

 overrun. I might add that the ac idity affects it somewhat and would 

 cause the overrun to increase slightly. 



Question No. 2: In improving the dairy cow, which side of' the par- 

 entage do you look tofor the most benefit? 



Prof. Kennedyi;. In view of a pure breed herd, there would not be 

 much difference; in case of ordinary cattle where we have grad'edcows 

 or half-breed cows, or cows with very little breedi, the question with us 

 is to have a pure-breed sdre. We expect more from the sire thamfrom' the 

 dam. Here we have the cow, perhaps four or five kinds of breed, in the 

 herd. For instance, you take and mix black ink, red ink, and' blue ink, 

 mdi purple ink altogether, and th en you take another bottle ^that Is all 

 black or all red ink; it stan-ds' to reason if you use' th© one colored ink 

 instead of the mixed colors it will give better satisfaction, so with breed- 

 ing cows. If you get a pure breed sire and breedi in one direction you 

 will do better than having a mixed breed and breeding in all directions. 

 In the use of the sire, we get more from the sire than from the dam. M 

 breeding twO' different breeds is like mixing red inik with black imk; we 

 would get half and half. In breeding we expect much more from the sire 

 and we breed for a greater numbe r of years for high class dairy stock. 

 If the dam, on the other hand, ha d been bred from high class stock and 

 the sire had not, we would expect more from the dam. It depends' upon 

 the breeding from way back, but we expect more usually from the sire. 



Question No. 3: How to feed a calf to make a dairy cow? (This 

 question was referred to Prof. W. J. Kennedy.) 



A. Well now, in order to make a dairy calf I would both breed it 

 and feed it. I might say the great trouble has been in the past, a great 

 deal more attenaion is paid to feeding than breeding and it ought not to 

 be done. Too little attention is paid to breeding. You feed a calf on. 



