188 HEAT 0E THE WATERS. 



Island (N. L. 66°) to be 2°C. (35°*6 F); and 

 on the island of Igloolik, even so low as 1°'8 C. 

 (35°-24 F.) In Boothia, Ross found it 3°-l C. 

 (37°*58 F.) ; the thermometer rising only once as 

 high as 16°-7 C (62°*06 F.) 



It has been proposed to connect places of equal 

 winter cold, and those of equal summer heat by 

 lines, the first sort of lines being called Isochei- 

 menes, and the second Is other es. The isochei- 

 menes pass southwardly from the west coast of 

 Europe towards the interior of the continent. 

 For instance, the Faroe Islands, Aberdeen, 

 Edinburgh, London, Paris, have the same 

 mean winter temperature. The isotheres, in their 

 eastward course, tend somewhat to the north. Thus 

 the towns Nantes, Paris, Frankfort, Dresden, 

 Berlin, Moscow, Casan, and Beresow, have 

 nearly the same summer temperature. 



The dissimilarity, however, of the inland and 

 island climate is shown not only in the difference 

 between the winter and summer temperature, but 

 also in the contrast between the day and night. 

 So long as we are ignorant of the extent of this 

 latter difference in any country, our notion of its 

 climate will be but imperfect, and all our con- 

 clusions as to the limits of distribution of its ani- 

 mals and plants liable to error. For instance, in the 

 south of England, in Belgium, and in the Nether- 

 lands, where the mean summer temperature is the 



