222 winds; 



Philippines, and on the south to the coasts of 

 New Holland. They are more uniformly ar- 

 ranged on the two sides of the equator than the 

 " trades" of the Atlantic, but, like the latter, they 

 have between them a region of calms, of which 

 the mean limits lie a couple of degrees each north 

 and south respectively of the equator. 



Over the Indian Ocean, south of the equator, 

 between New Holland and South Africa, the 

 south-east trade-wind blows with the same regu- 

 larity as on the two other great seas. But in the 

 northern parts of this ocean we find the north-east 

 trade-wind, which is there called the North-east 

 Monsoon, blowing only in winter, between the 

 months of October and April, while from April to 

 October the wind sets with equal constancy in the 

 opposite direction : this latter is called the South- 

 west Monsoon. These two winds pass into each 

 other in autumn and winter, through an interval 

 of calms, which alternate with furious hurri- 

 canes. 



The cause of these half-yearly changes lies in 

 the peculiar arrangement of the land and water in 

 that part of the earth. The Indian Ocean is, as you 

 know, bounded only on the north by land, which 

 for the most part extends far into the torrid zone, 

 and which must therefore acquire during summer a 

 far higher temperature than the neighbouring sea, 

 although the latter lies nearer the equator. The 



