﻿38 
  

  

  GKOUSE 
  AND 
  WILD 
  TURKEYS 
  OF 
  UNITED 
  STATES. 
  

  

  High-bush 
  cranberry 
  (Viburnum 
  

  

  opulus). 
  

   Mountain 
  cranberry 
  {V 
  actinium 
  

  

  vitis-idwa) 
  . 
  

   Snowberry 
  (Symphoricarpus 
  sp.)- 
  

   Feverwort 
  (Triosteum 
  perfolia- 
  

  

  tum 
  ) 
  . 
  

   Black 
  huckleberry 
  (Gaylussacla 
  

  

  resinosa). 
  

   Black 
  alder 
  {Ilex 
  verticillata) 
  . 
  

   Flowering 
  dogwood 
  (Cornus 
  flor- 
  

  

  ida). 
  

  

  Bunchberry 
  (Cornus 
  canadensis). 
  

   Cornel 
  (Comus 
  paniculata). 
  

   Silky 
  cornel 
  (Cornus 
  amonum). 
  

   Pepperidge 
  (Nyssa 
  sylvatica). 
  

   Mulberry 
  (Morus 
  rubra) 
  . 
  

   Bittersweet 
  (Celastrus 
  scandens). 
  

   Manzanita 
  (Arctostaphylos 
  sp.). 
  

   Barberry 
  (Berberis 
  vulgaris). 
  

   Virginia 
  creeper 
  (Parthenocissus 
  

   quinquefolia) 
  . 
  

  

  The 
  seeds 
  of 
  most 
  of 
  these 
  berries 
  pass 
  through 
  the 
  digestive 
  tract 
  

  

  unharmed 
  and 
  are 
  capable 
  of 
  germinating. 
  Thus 
  the 
  grouse 
  assists 
  

  

  in 
  planting 
  many 
  fruiting 
  trees 
  and 
  shrubs, 
  the 
  heavy 
  seeds 
  of 
  which 
  

  

  must 
  be 
  disseminated 
  mainly 
  through 
  the 
  agency 
  of 
  animals 
  that 
  feed 
  

  

  on 
  them. 
  

  

  Food 
  of 
  the 
  Young. 
  

  

  The 
  young 
  of 
  most 
  birds 
  are 
  far 
  more 
  insectivorous 
  than 
  adults, 
  a 
  

   statement 
  that 
  applies 
  to 
  gallinaceous 
  birds, 
  though 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  extent 
  

   than 
  to 
  passerines. 
  More 
  than 
  95 
  percent 
  of 
  the 
  diet 
  of 
  eight 
  grouse 
  

   chicks 
  examined, 
  none 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  fourth 
  grown, 
  was 
  

   insects. 
  Seven 
  adults 
  collected 
  in 
  the 
  breeding 
  season 
  had 
  consumed 
  

   only 
  30 
  percent 
  of 
  insects. 
  Newly 
  hatched 
  chicks 
  eat 
  the 
  largest 
  

   proportion 
  of 
  insects. 
  As 
  they 
  grow 
  older 
  they 
  gradually 
  become 
  

   more 
  frugivorous 
  and 
  granivorous. 
  Three 
  chicks, 
  only 
  a 
  day 
  or 
  

   two 
  old, 
  collected 
  by 
  Prof. 
  S. 
  A. 
  Forbes, 
  at 
  Waukegan, 
  111., 
  June 
  9, 
  

   1876, 
  proved 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  exclusively 
  insectivorous. 
  They 
  had 
  eaten 
  

   cutworms, 
  grasshoppers, 
  Lampyrid 
  beetles, 
  ants 
  (Tetramorium 
  

   cwspitum) 
  , 
  parasitic 
  wasps, 
  buffalo 
  tree 
  hoppers, 
  and 
  spiders 
  (Attidce 
  

   and 
  Phalangidw) 
  . 
  A 
  grouse 
  about 
  a 
  week 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  shell, 
  collected 
  

   by 
  F. 
  H. 
  King, 
  had 
  eaten 
  a 
  white 
  grub, 
  7 
  spiders 
  (Phalangidce), 
  

   and 
  13 
  caterpillars. 
  a 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  noted, 
  therefore, 
  that 
  the 
  ruffed 
  

   grouse, 
  though 
  only 
  slightly 
  insectivorous 
  when 
  adult, 
  as 
  a 
  chick 
  

   destroys 
  great 
  numbers 
  of 
  insects, 
  and 
  deserves 
  much 
  more 
  credit 
  

   from 
  farmers 
  than 
  it 
  usually 
  receives. 
  

  

  THE 
  SPRUCE 
  GROUSE. 
  

  

  ( 
  Canachites 
  canadensis. 
  ) 
  & 
  

  

  The 
  spruce, 
  or 
  Canada, 
  grouse 
  inhabits 
  the 
  transcontinental 
  conif- 
  

   erous 
  forests 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  east 
  of 
  

  

  « 
  Trans. 
  Wis. 
  Ag. 
  Soc, 
  vol. 
  24, 
  pp. 
  472-473, 
  188G. 
  

  

  &The 
  spruce 
  grouse 
  (Canachites 
  canadensis) 
  is 
  separated 
  into 
  three 
  geographic 
  

   forms, 
  of 
  which 
  two 
  occur 
  within 
  our 
  territory 
  ; 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  common 
  spruce 
  

   grouse 
  (C. 
  c. 
  canace) 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  border 
  from 
  Maine 
  to 
  Minnesota, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Alaska 
  spruce 
  grouse 
  (C. 
  c. 
  osgoodi) 
  of 
  Alaska 
  and 
  western 
  Canada. 
  

  

  