﻿WINTER 
  RANGES. 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  Another 
  phase 
  of 
  protection 
  relates 
  to 
  the 
  proper 
  regulation 
  of 
  

   shooting- 
  during 
  the 
  fall 
  and 
  winter. 
  This 
  phase 
  concerns 
  a 
  much 
  

   larger 
  number 
  of 
  species 
  of 
  waterfowl 
  than 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  hunting 
  

   during 
  the 
  breeding* 
  season. 
  For 
  although 
  only 
  24 
  species 
  nest 
  within 
  

   the 
  United 
  States, 
  46 
  species 
  are 
  found 
  here 
  during 
  winter, 
  as 
  will 
  

   appear 
  from 
  the 
  following 
  lists: 
  

  

  WINTER 
  RANGES. 
  

  

  Species 
  that 
  Winter 
  Principally 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  Southward. 
  

  

  Hooded 
  merganser," 
  Lophodytes 
  cucul- 
  

  

  latus. 
  

   Mallard, 
  Anas 
  boschas 
  (on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

  

  coast 
  to 
  the 
  Aleutian 
  Islands). 
  

   Black 
  duck, 
  Anas 
  obscura. 
  

   Red-legged 
  duck, 
  Anas 
  obscura 
  rubripes 
  

  

  (occasional 
  in 
  winter 
  in 
  Nova 
  Scotia). 
  

   Florida 
  duck, 
  Anas 
  fulvigula. 
  

   Spotted 
  black 
  duck, 
  Anas 
  fulvigula 
  macu- 
  

   losa. 
  

   Gadwall, 
  Chaulelasmus 
  streperus. 
  

   Baldpate, 
  " 
  Mareca 
  americana. 
  

   Green-winged 
  teal, 
  Xettion 
  carolinense. 
  

   Blue-winged 
  teal, 
  " 
  Querquedula 
  discors. 
  

   Shoveler," 
  Spatula 
  clypeata. 
  

   Pintail, 
  " 
  Dafila 
  acuta. 
  

   AVood 
  duck," 
  Aix 
  sponsa. 
  

   Redhead," 
  Aythya 
  americana. 
  

   Canvasback," 
  Aythya 
  vallisneria. 
  

   Scaup 
  duck. 
  Aythya 
  marila 
  (rare 
  in 
  

  

  southern 
  Canada 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  

  

  to 
  the 
  Aleutians). 
  

   Lesser 
  scaup 
  duck," 
  Aythya 
  affinis. 
  

   Ring-necked 
  duck," 
  Aythya 
  collaris. 
  

   American 
  golden-eye, 
  Clangula 
  clangula 
  

  

  americana 
  ( 
  rare 
  in 
  southern 
  Canada, 
  and 
  

  

  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  to 
  the 
  Aleutians). 
  

  

  Species 
  that 
  Winter 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  Canada. 
  

  

  Bufne-head, 
  Charitonetta 
  albeola 
  (on 
  the 
  

  

  Pacific 
  coast 
  to 
  the 
  Aleutians). 
  

   Ruddy 
  duck," 
  Erlsmatura 
  jamaicensis. 
  

   Lesser 
  snow 
  goose, 
  " 
  Chen 
  hyperborea. 
  

   Greater 
  snow 
  goose, 
  Chen 
  liyperborea 
  

  

  ■nivalis. 
  

   Blue 
  goose, 
  Chen 
  cserulescens. 
  

   Ross 
  goose, 
  Chen 
  rossii. 
  

   American 
  white-fronted 
  goose, 
  Anser 
  

  

  albifrons 
  gambeli. 
  

   Canada 
  goose," 
  Branta 
  canadensis. 
  

   Hutchins 
  goose," 
  Branta 
  canadensis 
  hutch- 
  

  

  insii. 
  

   White-cheeked 
  goose, 
  Branta 
  canadensis 
  

  

  occidentalis. 
  

   Cackling 
  goose," 
  Branta 
  canadensis 
  

  

  minima. 
  

   Brant, 
  Branta 
  bernicla 
  glaucogastra. 
  

   Black 
  brant, 
  Branta 
  nigricans. 
  

   Fulvous 
  tree-duck, 
  Dendroeygna 
  fulva. 
  

   Whistling 
  swan," 
  Olor 
  columbianus. 
  

   Trumpeter 
  swan," 
  Olor 
  buccinator. 
  

  

  American 
  merganser, 
  Merganser 
  ameri- 
  

  

  canus. 
  

   Red-breasted 
  merganser, 
  Merganser 
  serra- 
  

  

  tor. 
  

   Barrow 
  golden-eye, 
  Clangula 
  islandica. 
  

   Old 
  squaw, 
  Harelda 
  hyemalis. 
  

  

  Harlequin 
  duck, 
  Histrionicus 
  histrionicus. 
  

   American 
  eider, 
  Somateria 
  dresseri. 
  

   Spectacled 
  eider, 
  Somcderia 
  spectabilis. 
  

   American 
  scoter, 
  Oidemia 
  americana. 
  

   White-winged 
  scoter, 
  Oidemia 
  deglandi. 
  

   Surf 
  scoter, 
  Oidemia 
  perspicillata. 
  

  

  If 
  ducks 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  protected 
  for 
  reasons 
  other 
  than 
  esthetic, 
  there 
  

   must 
  be 
  an 
  open 
  season. 
  Most 
  will 
  agree 
  that 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  perpetua- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  species 
  alone 
  is 
  concerned 
  this 
  open 
  season 
  should 
  be 
  during 
  

   migration, 
  and 
  preferably 
  during 
  the 
  fall 
  migration. 
  The 
  data 
  pre- 
  

   sented 
  later 
  in 
  this 
  bulletin 
  show 
  that 
  ducks 
  begin 
  to 
  leave 
  their 
  

  

  « 
  Winters 
  also 
  in 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  

  

  