﻿20 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  arrival 
  at 
  Montreal 
  is 
  April 
  5; 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario, 
  April 
  16; 
  Prince 
  

   Edward 
  Island, 
  April 
  21. 
  The 
  first 
  merganser 
  was 
  seen 
  on 
  Hamilton 
  

   River, 
  Ungava, 
  May 
  28. 
  At 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minnesota, 
  the 
  average 
  

   date 
  of 
  arrival 
  is 
  March 
  26 
  (earliest 
  March 
  17, 
  1886); 
  average 
  at 
  

   Aweme, 
  Manitoba, 
  April 
  11. 
  The 
  larger 
  number 
  have 
  left 
  the 
  winter 
  

   range 
  by 
  early 
  April; 
  but 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  a 
  few 
  are 
  

   seen 
  in 
  Ma}^ 
  while 
  on 
  the 
  Massachusetts 
  coast 
  nonbreeders 
  occur 
  all 
  

   summer. 
  

  

  Eggs 
  have 
  been 
  taken 
  at 
  Kingston, 
  Ontario, 
  April 
  10, 
  1902; 
  at 
  God- 
  

   bout, 
  Quebec, 
  May 
  12, 
  1881; 
  on 
  Hamilton 
  River, 
  Ungava, 
  June 
  25; 
  

   eggs 
  incubated 
  one 
  week, 
  on 
  Lake 
  Tagish, 
  Yukon, 
  June 
  30, 
  1899; 
  

   young 
  in 
  northern 
  California 
  May 
  21. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  A 
  few 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  start 
  south 
  in 
  August 
  (Woods 
  

   Hole, 
  Mass., 
  August 
  26, 
  1890), 
  but 
  in 
  general 
  the 
  American 
  merganser 
  

   is 
  a 
  late 
  migrant, 
  passing 
  south 
  only 
  when 
  forced 
  by 
  winter 
  storms. 
  

   The 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  arrival 
  on 
  the 
  Massachusetts 
  coast 
  is 
  October 
  5, 
  

   and 
  on 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  October 
  15. 
  The 
  average 
  date 
  when 
  the 
  last 
  

   are 
  seen 
  on 
  Prince 
  Edward 
  Island 
  is 
  November 
  1; 
  Montreal, 
  Novem- 
  

   ber 
  6; 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario, 
  November 
  21. 
  

  

  Merganser 
  serrator 
  (Linn.). 
  Eed-breasted 
  Merganser. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  

   Western 
  Hemisphere 
  lies 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  though 
  a 
  few 
  

   nest 
  in 
  Maine 
  (Houlton, 
  Magalloway 
  River, 
  Isleau 
  Haute), 
  and 
  farther 
  

   south 
  on 
  Sable 
  Island, 
  Nova 
  Scotia; 
  also 
  in 
  northern 
  New 
  York 
  (Adi- 
  

   rondacks), 
  Michigan, 
  Wisconsin 
  (Green 
  Bay), 
  Minnesota 
  (St. 
  Paul), 
  

   and 
  probably 
  in 
  Oregon 
  (Crooked 
  River 
  and 
  Camp 
  Harney). 
  The 
  

   breeding 
  range 
  extends 
  far 
  north 
  to 
  Greenland 
  (Scoresb}^ 
  Sound, 
  Uper- 
  

   navik), 
  Cumberland 
  Gulf, 
  Mackenzie 
  (Fort 
  Anderson), 
  Alaska 
  (Icy 
  

   Cape), 
  and 
  the 
  northern 
  coast 
  of 
  Siberia. 
  The 
  species 
  breeds 
  commonly 
  

   on 
  the 
  whole 
  western 
  coast 
  of 
  Alaska, 
  the 
  Near 
  Islands, 
  the 
  Yukon 
  

   Basin, 
  and 
  south 
  to 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  It 
  breeds 
  commonly 
  

   also 
  in 
  northern 
  Europe 
  and 
  northern 
  Asia, 
  whence 
  it 
  retires 
  in 
  winter 
  

   to 
  southern 
  Europe 
  and 
  central 
  Asia. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  A 
  single 
  specimen 
  was 
  taken 
  near 
  Habana, 
  Cuba, 
  

   in 
  December, 
  1891, 
  and 
  this 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  only 
  record 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  United 
  States. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  not 
  rare 
  in 
  winter 
  in 
  Florida 
  

   and 
  along 
  the 
  Gulf 
  coast 
  to 
  Texas; 
  thence 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  rare 
  in 
  New 
  

   Mexico 
  and 
  Arizona, 
  but 
  is 
  common 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  Califor- 
  

   nia 
  and 
  south 
  to 
  Lower 
  California 
  (La 
  Paz). 
  It 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  winter 
  

   on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Maine, 
  and 
  remains 
  around 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  

   Saint 
  Lawrence 
  until 
  the 
  bays 
  freeze. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  even 
  in 
  

   Greenland 
  during 
  the 
  winter. 
  In 
  the 
  interior 
  it 
  braves 
  the 
  winter 
  on 
  

   the 
  Great 
  Lakes 
  and 
  north 
  to 
  Wisconsin, 
  Nebraska, 
  Colorado, 
  and 
  

   Utah; 
  north 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  to 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia; 
  it 
  is 
  

   casual 
  on 
  the 
  Hawaiian 
  Islands 
  and 
  the 
  Bermudas. 
  

  

  