﻿HOODED 
  MERGANSER. 
  21 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration.- 
  -The 
  red-breasted 
  merganser 
  winters 
  so 
  far 
  north 
  

   that 
  few 
  migration 
  data 
  are 
  available. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  most 
  common 
  

   on 
  the 
  Massachusetts 
  coast 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  April, 
  though 
  

   migrants 
  begin 
  to 
  pass 
  a 
  month 
  earlier. 
  The 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  arrival 
  

   at 
  Montreal 
  is 
  April 
  16 
  (earliest, 
  April 
  6, 
  1894); 
  at 
  North 
  River, 
  Prince 
  

   Edward 
  Island, 
  April 
  21 
  (earliest, 
  April 
  15, 
  1891); 
  Lake 
  Mistassini, 
  

   Ungava, 
  May 
  11, 
  1895; 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  April 
  2, 
  1884, 
  April 
  4, 
  

   1885; 
  Aweme, 
  Manitoba, 
  April 
  22, 
  1899; 
  Fort 
  Keogh, 
  Mont., 
  April 
  

   27, 
  1889; 
  Chilcat, 
  Alaska, 
  May 
  8, 
  1882; 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Yukon 
  about 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  May; 
  Kowak 
  River, 
  Alaska, 
  middle 
  of 
  June 
  (1899). 
  

   The 
  region 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  breeding 
  ground 
  

   is 
  deserted 
  in 
  May, 
  except 
  by 
  a 
  few 
  cripples 
  and 
  nonbreeders, 
  some 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  present 
  all 
  summer 
  on 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  New 
  Jersey 
  and 
  New 
  

   England. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  The 
  first 
  arrival 
  in 
  1896 
  at 
  Monterey, 
  Cal., 
  was 
  

   noted 
  October 
  9; 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  species 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  cor- 
  

   responding* 
  latitude 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast. 
  Indeed, 
  October 
  can 
  be 
  

   said 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  arrival 
  in 
  the 
  winter 
  home, 
  and 
  of 
  departure 
  

   from 
  the 
  most 
  northern 
  breeding 
  grounds; 
  the 
  last 
  was 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  

   Mackenzie 
  River, 
  about 
  latitude 
  63°, 
  October 
  15 
  and 
  16, 
  1903. 
  

  

  Lophodytes 
  cucullatus 
  (Linn.). 
  Hooded 
  Merganser. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  This 
  merganser 
  breeds 
  locally 
  throughout 
  much 
  

   of 
  North 
  America, 
  from 
  Florida 
  (Fort 
  Myers 
  and 
  Titusville), 
  Georgia, 
  

   South 
  Carolina, 
  Tennessee, 
  Kansas, 
  Colorado, 
  northern 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  

   Nevada, 
  and 
  Oregon, 
  north 
  to 
  Newfoundland, 
  southern 
  Labrador, 
  

   Hudson 
  Bay 
  (Fort 
  Churchill, 
  latitude 
  62°), 
  Great 
  Slave 
  Lake, 
  and 
  

   central 
  British 
  Columbia 
  (Cariboo 
  district). 
  One 
  specimen 
  was 
  seen 
  

   at 
  Fort 
  Wrigley, 
  Mackenzie 
  River, 
  latitude 
  63°, 
  where 
  possibly 
  it 
  

   may 
  breed; 
  it 
  is 
  accidental 
  in 
  Alaska 
  (St. 
  Michael, 
  October, 
  1865), 
  Ber- 
  

   mudas, 
  Europe. 
  In 
  the 
  Southern 
  States 
  mentioned 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  quite 
  

   rare 
  and 
  local, 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  true 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  district 
  north 
  

   of 
  Maine 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  Ontario. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  most 
  common 
  from 
  

   latitude 
  44° 
  to 
  latitude 
  60°, 
  between 
  the 
  Rocky 
  Mountains 
  and 
  Lake 
  

   Huron. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range.— 
  -It 
  remains 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  rarely 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  

   Massachusetts, 
  Pennsylvania, 
  Lake 
  Michigan, 
  Nebraska, 
  Colorado, 
  

   Utah, 
  and 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  It 
  is 
  more 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  cen- 
  

   tral 
  districts 
  and 
  Gulf 
  States. 
  A 
  few 
  migrate 
  to 
  Cuba, 
  Central 
  Mex- 
  

   ico 
  (Orizaba, 
  City 
  of 
  Mexico), 
  and 
  southern 
  Lower 
  California. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Since 
  the 
  hooded 
  merganser 
  breeds 
  over 
  much 
  

   of 
  its 
  winter 
  range, 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  determine 
  when 
  its 
  spring 
  migra- 
  

   tion 
  begins. 
  Migratory 
  movements 
  occur 
  in 
  late 
  February, 
  and 
  aver- 
  

   age 
  dates 
  of 
  arrival 
  are: 
  Western 
  New 
  York, 
  March; 
  Montreal, 
  early 
  

   April; 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario, 
  April 
  18 
  (earliest, 
  March 
  21, 
  1903); 
  southern 
  

   Michigan, 
  March 
  19; 
  central 
  Iowa, 
  March 
  22 
  (earliest, 
  March 
  5, 
  1895); 
  

  

  