﻿36 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  Casarca 
  casarca 
  (Linn.). 
  Ruddy 
  Sheldrake. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  a 
  European, 
  African, 
  and 
  Asiatic 
  species 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  taken 
  

   several 
  times 
  in 
  western 
  and 
  northern 
  Greenland. 
  

  

  Spatula 
  clypeata 
  (Linn.). 
  Shoveler. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  North 
  American 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  

   the 
  shoveler 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  prairie 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  interior, 
  from 
  a 
  little 
  south 
  

   of 
  the 
  Canadian 
  border, 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  Saskatchewan. 
  Throughout 
  this 
  

   region 
  it 
  is 
  common. 
  To 
  the 
  eastward 
  it 
  is 
  rare. 
  It 
  is 
  scarcely 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Hudson 
  Ba} 
  T 
  ; 
  nor 
  is 
  it 
  common 
  east 
  of 
  a 
  line 
  from 
  south- 
  

   eastern 
  Michigan 
  to 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay, 
  in 
  which 
  latter 
  

   region 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  only 
  in 
  migration 
  and 
  in 
  winter. 
  In 
  the 
  maritime 
  

   provinces 
  of 
  Canada, 
  and 
  even 
  north 
  to 
  Newfoundland, 
  the 
  shoveler 
  has 
  

   been 
  recorded 
  as 
  a 
  rare 
  or 
  casual 
  visitor; 
  but 
  reliable 
  breeding 
  records 
  

   from 
  this 
  region 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  lacking. 
  It 
  is 
  rare 
  as 
  a 
  breeder 
  in 
  southern 
  

   Michigan, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  eastward 
  is 
  almost 
  accidental 
  in 
  summer, 
  though 
  

   it 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  breed 
  at 
  English 
  Lake, 
  northwestern 
  Indiana, 
  and 
  

   at 
  Long 
  Point, 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  shore 
  of 
  Lake 
  Erie. 
  The 
  regular 
  breed- 
  

   ing 
  range 
  extends 
  south 
  to 
  northern 
  Iowa 
  and 
  southern 
  South 
  Dakota; 
  

   thence 
  southward 
  it 
  breeds 
  rarely 
  and 
  locally 
  in 
  Nebraska 
  and 
  Kansas, 
  

   and 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1905 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  parties 
  of 
  the 
  Biological 
  

   Survey 
  found 
  it 
  breeding 
  near 
  East 
  Bernard, 
  about 
  latitude 
  29° 
  30', 
  in 
  

   southeastern 
  Texas. 
  In 
  the 
  ^western 
  United 
  States 
  the 
  species 
  breeds 
  

   commonly 
  from 
  Colorado 
  to 
  northern 
  California, 
  and 
  rarely 
  in 
  New 
  

   Mexico 
  (Santa 
  Rosa), 
  Arizona 
  (Mogollon 
  Mountains), 
  and 
  southern 
  

   California 
  (Los 
  Angeles 
  County). 
  On 
  the 
  southern 
  coast 
  of 
  Texas 
  the 
  

   species 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  all 
  summer, 
  though 
  these 
  summer 
  residents 
  

   are 
  probably 
  nonbreeders. 
  Mated 
  birds 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  May 
  in 
  

   northern 
  Chihuahua, 
  Mexico, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  southern 
  end 
  of 
  Lower 
  Cali- 
  

   fornia, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  improbable 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  may 
  breed 
  locally 
  in 
  

   these 
  districts, 
  and 
  even 
  south 
  to 
  Lake 
  Chapala, 
  Jalisco. 
  

  

  The 
  northern 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  usual 
  breeding 
  range 
  is 
  from 
  the 
  valley- 
  of 
  

   the 
  Saskatchewan 
  to 
  central 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  a 
  rare 
  

   breeder 
  thence 
  northward 
  to 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  Barren 
  Grounds, 
  casually 
  

   to 
  Fort 
  Anderson 
  and 
  Fort 
  McPherson. 
  It 
  is 
  rather 
  rare 
  in 
  the 
  Yukon 
  

   region, 
  but 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  breed 
  at 
  Fort 
  Yukon, 
  Nulato, 
  and 
  along 
  

   the 
  west 
  coast 
  of 
  Alaska 
  from 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Kuskokwim 
  River 
  to 
  

   Kotzebue 
  Sound. 
  The 
  shoveler 
  has 
  a 
  wide 
  range 
  in 
  the 
  Eastern 
  Hemi- 
  

   sphere, 
  breeding 
  north 
  about 
  to 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Circle, 
  and 
  retiring 
  in 
  win- 
  

   ter 
  to 
  northern 
  Africa 
  and 
  southern 
  Asia. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  A 
  few 
  pass 
  south 
  in 
  winter 
  to 
  Colombia, 
  South 
  

   America 
  (Medellin, 
  Bogota), 
  Panama, 
  Costa 
  Rica, 
  and 
  through 
  the 
  West 
  

   Indies 
  (Cuba, 
  Jamaica, 
  Porto 
  Rico, 
  St. 
  Thomas, 
  Barbados, 
  and 
  Trini- 
  

   dad). 
  It 
  is 
  rare 
  in 
  Florida, 
  and 
  seems 
  not 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  

  