﻿MUSCOVY 
  DUCK. 
  41 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  southern 
  range 
  in 
  winter 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  given; 
  

   northward 
  the 
  species 
  winters 
  regularly 
  to 
  North 
  Carolina, 
  occasion- 
  

   ally 
  in 
  Maryland 
  and 
  Pennsylvania; 
  accidentally 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  

   Massachusetts. 
  In 
  the 
  interior 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  at 
  this 
  season 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  

   as 
  southern 
  Indiana, 
  southern 
  Illinois, 
  and 
  Kansas. 
  On 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

   coast 
  a 
  few 
  winter 
  near 
  the 
  northern 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  range. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  This 
  duck 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  those 
  which 
  migrate 
  north 
  

   moderately 
  early, 
  and 
  in 
  central 
  New 
  York 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  its 
  

   arrival 
  is 
  March 
  25 
  (earliest 
  March 
  16, 
  1898); 
  eastern 
  Massachusetts, 
  

   March 
  21; 
  Montreal, 
  Canada, 
  April 
  21; 
  central 
  Iowa, 
  March 
  20 
  (ear- 
  

   liest 
  March 
  T, 
  1898); 
  northern 
  Ohio 
  April 
  1 
  (earliest 
  March 
  10, 
  1887); 
  

   Petersburg, 
  Mich., 
  March 
  15; 
  southern 
  Ontario, 
  April 
  IT 
  (earliest 
  

   April 
  1, 
  1890); 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario 
  (average 
  fifteen 
  years), 
  April 
  22 
  (ear- 
  

   liest 
  March 
  26, 
  1898); 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  April 
  1 
  (earliest 
  March 
  21, 
  

   1890); 
  Elk 
  River, 
  Minn., 
  April 
  6 
  (earliest 
  April 
  1, 
  1885); 
  southern 
  

   Manitoba, 
  April 
  15 
  (earliest 
  April 
  2, 
  1895.) 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  The 
  southward 
  migration 
  amounts 
  to 
  no 
  more 
  than 
  

   withdrawal 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  range. 
  This 
  occurs 
  

   largely 
  during 
  October, 
  and 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  when 
  the 
  last 
  migrants 
  

   are 
  seen 
  at 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario 
  (fourteen 
  years), 
  is 
  October 
  27 
  (latest 
  

   November 
  7, 
  1896); 
  Montreal, 
  November 
  1; 
  southern 
  Maine, 
  October 
  

   27 
  (latest 
  November 
  2, 
  1896); 
  southern 
  Iowa, 
  November 
  9 
  (latest 
  

   November 
  21.) 
  

  

  [Cairina 
  moschata 
  (Linn.). 
  Muscovy 
  Duck. 
  

  

  In 
  its 
  domesticated 
  form 
  this 
  duck 
  is 
  well 
  known 
  throughout 
  the 
  civilized 
  world. 
  

   In 
  its 
  wild 
  state 
  it 
  is 
  an 
  abundant 
  inhabitant 
  of 
  Middle 
  and 
  South 
  America 
  from 
  

   Tampico, 
  Yucatan, 
  Mazatlan, 
  and 
  the 
  Rio 
  Zacatula 
  in 
  Mexico 
  to 
  central 
  Argentina. 
  

   There 
  is 
  no 
  certain 
  record 
  of 
  its 
  occurrence 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  nor 
  in 
  the 
  West 
  

   Indies, 
  although 
  a 
  supposed 
  hybrid 
  between 
  the 
  muscovy 
  and 
  the 
  mallard 
  was 
  

   described 
  from 
  Jamaica 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Anas 
  maxima, 
  and 
  similar 
  birds 
  have 
  been 
  

   taken 
  several 
  times 
  along 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  Probably 
  all 
  

   these 
  escaped 
  from 
  domestication.] 
  

  

  Netta 
  rufina 
  (Pall.). 
  Rufous-crested 
  Duck. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  a 
  European 
  and 
  Asiatic 
  species, 
  one 
  specimen 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  

   found 
  in 
  1872 
  in 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  City 
  market. 
  

  

  Aythy 
  a 
  americana 
  (Eyt. 
  ) 
  . 
  Redhead. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range.— 
  The 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  redheads 
  summer 
  in 
  a 
  

   rather 
  restricted 
  area 
  in 
  western 
  central 
  Canada, 
  comprising 
  western 
  

   Manitoba, 
  Alberta, 
  and 
  Saskatchewan. 
  The 
  species 
  breeds 
  not 
  rarely 
  

   in 
  the 
  northern 
  portions 
  of 
  Minnesota, 
  North 
  Dakota, 
  and 
  Montana. 
  

   It 
  is 
  less 
  common 
  in 
  southern 
  Minnesota 
  (Madison, 
  Heron 
  Lake), 
  

   southern 
  South 
  Dakota 
  (Harrison, 
  Vermilion), 
  Idaho 
  (Lake 
  Hoodoo), 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  slope 
  locally 
  from 
  Lac 
  la 
  Hache, 
  British 
  Columbia, 
  

  

  