﻿44 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  and 
  western 
  New 
  York. 
  To 
  the 
  northward 
  

   of 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  the 
  numbers 
  decrease 
  rapidly 
  until 
  Long 
  Island 
  is 
  

   reached, 
  where 
  the 
  bird 
  is 
  rare. 
  It 
  is 
  hardly 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  straggler 
  

   in 
  Massachusetts 
  and 
  is 
  accidental 
  in 
  Maine, 
  New 
  Brunswick, 
  and 
  

   Nova 
  Scotia. 
  It 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  recorded 
  as 
  yet 
  from 
  Newfoundland, 
  

   Labrador, 
  or 
  the 
  Hudson 
  Bav^ 
  region. 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  flocks 
  that 
  formerly 
  covered 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  

   past, 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  still 
  winter 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  Carolinas. 
  Accidentals 
  

   are 
  recorded 
  from 
  the 
  Bermudas, 
  from 
  Cuba 
  and 
  Jamaica, 
  and 
  one 
  

   from 
  Guatemala. 
  These 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  all 
  the 
  records 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Valley 
  

   of 
  Mexico, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  rare 
  in 
  winter. 
  The 
  winter 
  range 
  extends 
  

   from 
  this 
  district 
  and 
  Mazatlan 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  coast, 
  north 
  to 
  southern 
  

   Illinois, 
  Colorado, 
  Nevada, 
  and 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  In 
  February 
  a 
  few 
  move 
  north, 
  bringing 
  the 
  

   van 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  that 
  month 
  to 
  about 
  latitude 
  39° 
  in 
  the 
  Missis- 
  

   sippi 
  Valley, 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  northern 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  in 
  mild 
  winters. 
  

   Early 
  March 
  brings 
  the 
  species 
  to 
  southern 
  Iowa. 
  Average 
  dates 
  of 
  

   spring 
  arrival 
  are: 
  Keokuk, 
  Iowa, 
  March 
  12; 
  central 
  Iowa, 
  March 
  15; 
  

   southern 
  Wisconsin, 
  March 
  26; 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  March 
  28 
  (earliest 
  

   March 
  19, 
  1889); 
  central 
  Nebraska, 
  March 
  14; 
  northern 
  North 
  Dakota, 
  

   April 
  18; 
  southern 
  Manitoba, 
  April 
  21 
  (earliest 
  April 
  6, 
  1885). 
  In 
  

   the 
  interior 
  of 
  British 
  Columbia 
  eggs 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  May 
  21; 
  in 
  

   North 
  Dakota, 
  Ma} 
  T 
  18; 
  at 
  Great 
  Slave 
  Lake, 
  June 
  4, 
  and 
  Fort 
  Yukon, 
  

   June 
  3. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  In 
  the 
  da} 
  7 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  flights 
  to 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  

   the 
  gunners 
  did 
  not 
  expect 
  large 
  flocks 
  of 
  canvasbacks 
  much 
  before 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  November, 
  but 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  appeared 
  some 
  time 
  ear 
  : 
  

   Her. 
  For 
  the 
  last 
  sixteen 
  years 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  arrival 
  

   at 
  Alexandria, 
  Va., 
  has 
  been 
  October 
  21 
  (earliest 
  October 
  15, 
  1903). 
  

   On 
  the 
  average 
  canvasbacks 
  have 
  become 
  tolerably 
  common 
  by 
  Novem- 
  

   ber 
  8; 
  in 
  1888 
  by 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  October. 
  These 
  flocks 
  cross 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  

   early 
  in 
  October, 
  and 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  shooting 
  season 
  there 
  is 
  toward 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  that 
  month. 
  The 
  first 
  flocks 
  cross 
  the 
  boundary 
  to 
  the 
  

   upper 
  Mississippi 
  Valley 
  the 
  last 
  week 
  in 
  September 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  

   month 
  of 
  October 
  spread 
  gradually 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  southern 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  

   range 
  in 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  Mexico. 
  Southern 
  California 
  is 
  reached 
  about 
  

   October 
  20. 
  In 
  1895 
  the 
  last 
  were 
  seen 
  at 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minnesota, 
  on 
  

   November 
  27. 
  

  

  Aythya 
  marila 
  (Linn.). 
  Scaup 
  Duck; 
  Broadbill; 
  Blackhead; 
  Bluebill. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  scaup 
  in 
  the 
  

   Western 
  Hemisphere 
  is 
  northwestern 
  North 
  America, 
  from 
  northern 
  

   North 
  Dakota, 
  southeastern 
  British 
  Columbia, 
  and 
  Sitka, 
  Alaska, 
  

   north 
  to 
  Fort 
  Churchill, 
  Great 
  Slave 
  Lake, 
  Fort 
  Reliance, 
  Alaska, 
  and 
  

   Kotzebue 
  Sound; 
  also 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  Aleutian 
  chain 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  