﻿SCAUP 
  DUCK. 
  45 
  

  

  Near 
  Islands. 
  It 
  breeds 
  accidentally 
  or 
  casually 
  at 
  Mount 
  Vernon, 
  

   Va., 
  1881; 
  Magdalen 
  Islands, 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence; 
  Toronto, 
  Ontario; 
  

   St. 
  Clair 
  Flats, 
  Michigan; 
  Clear 
  Lake, 
  Iowa; 
  Minneapolis 
  and 
  Fergus 
  

   Falls, 
  Minn. 
  ; 
  and 
  Great 
  Whale 
  River, 
  James 
  Bay. 
  

  

  The 
  species 
  also 
  breeds 
  in 
  the 
  arctic 
  regions 
  of 
  the 
  Old 
  World, 
  and 
  

   winters 
  south 
  to 
  southern 
  Europe 
  and 
  central 
  Asia. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  This 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  game 
  birds 
  of 
  the 
  

   Atlantic 
  coast 
  region 
  from 
  Massachusetts 
  to 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay, 
  and 
  it 
  

   is 
  probably 
  more 
  common 
  here 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  than 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  

   part 
  of 
  its 
  range. 
  The 
  winter 
  range 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  of 
  this 
  and 
  

   the 
  next 
  species 
  is 
  complementary. 
  The 
  present 
  species 
  is 
  common 
  

   from 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  northward, 
  while 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  lesser 
  scaups 
  

   winter 
  south 
  of 
  that 
  district 
  and 
  are 
  most 
  common 
  from 
  North 
  Caro- 
  

   lina 
  to 
  Florida. 
  A 
  small 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  flocks 
  of 
  the 
  greater 
  scaup 
  

   pass 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  Carolinas 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  continue 
  on 
  to 
  Florida 
  and 
  the 
  

   Bahamas. 
  The 
  records 
  for 
  the 
  West 
  Indies 
  seem 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  

   lesser 
  scaup 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  is 
  probably 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  few 
  records 
  for 
  

   Mexico 
  and 
  Central 
  America. 
  

  

  The 
  species 
  winters 
  regularly 
  on 
  the 
  New 
  Jersey 
  coast 
  and 
  usualh 
  T 
  

   on 
  Long 
  Island; 
  its 
  stay 
  in 
  Massachusetts 
  is 
  governed 
  by 
  winter 
  con- 
  

   ditions, 
  and 
  during 
  mild 
  winters 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  1891-92, 
  1893-94, 
  and 
  

   1903-1, 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  common 
  along 
  the 
  southeastern 
  coast. 
  Occasionally 
  

   some 
  scaups 
  winter 
  even 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Maine. 
  It 
  occurs 
  throughout 
  

   the 
  Mississippi 
  Valley 
  in 
  winter 
  north 
  to 
  southern 
  Wisconsin 
  and 
  

   Toronto, 
  Ontario, 
  though 
  it 
  is 
  hardly 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  straggler 
  in 
  winter 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  Ohio 
  River. 
  

  

  The 
  greater 
  scaup 
  ranges 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  southwestern 
  boundary 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  in 
  southern 
  Texas, 
  southern 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  central 
  

   Arizona, 
  and 
  to 
  San 
  Diego, 
  Cal. 
  A 
  few 
  winter 
  in 
  southern 
  Colorado, 
  

   southern 
  Utah, 
  and 
  more 
  commonly 
  in 
  Nevada, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  

   north 
  to 
  the 
  Aleutian 
  Islands. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Few 
  birds 
  have 
  a 
  more 
  pronounced 
  northwest 
  

   and 
  southeast 
  migration 
  than 
  the 
  greater 
  scaup 
  duck. 
  Its 
  center 
  of 
  

   abundance 
  in 
  winter 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  between 
  the 
  meridians 
  of 
  

   74° 
  and 
  76° 
  longitude, 
  but 
  almost 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  birds 
  

   breed 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  meridian 
  of 
  95° 
  longitude, 
  and 
  their 
  route 
  in 
  spring- 
  

   is 
  along 
  the 
  general 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  chain 
  of 
  lakes 
  that 
  stretches 
  

   almost 
  due 
  northwestward 
  from 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  to 
  Great 
  Slave 
  Lake. 
  The 
  

   two 
  routes 
  of 
  migration 
  — 
  south 
  along 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River 
  and 
  south- 
  

   west 
  to 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  coast 
  — 
  are 
  revealed 
  still 
  more 
  clearly 
  in 
  the 
  

   fall, 
  when 
  this 
  species 
  scarcely 
  occurs 
  in 
  Indiana, 
  though 
  common 
  

   both 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  of 
  that 
  State. 
  In 
  spring 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  flocks 
  

   move 
  north 
  along 
  the 
  coast, 
  slightly 
  beyond 
  their 
  winter 
  home, 
  to 
  

   eastern 
  Massachusetts, 
  but 
  so 
  large 
  a 
  proportion 
  of 
  them 
  turn 
  inland 
  

   that 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  rare 
  to 
  the 
  northeastward 
  of 
  this 
  State, 
  straggling 
  

  

  