﻿46 
  NOETH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  to 
  Newfoundland, 
  and 
  once 
  recorded 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  coast 
  of 
  Labrador. 
  

   Average 
  dates 
  of 
  spring 
  arrival 
  are: 
  Montreal, 
  Canada, 
  April 
  15 
  (ear- 
  

   liest 
  April 
  7, 
  1893); 
  Oberlin, 
  Ohio, 
  March 
  24 
  (earliest 
  March 
  9, 
  1904); 
  

   central 
  Indiana, 
  March 
  17 
  (earliest 
  March 
  1, 
  1892); 
  northern 
  Illinois, 
  

   March 
  23 
  (earliest 
  March 
  6, 
  1894); 
  southern 
  Ontario, 
  March 
  30; 
  

   southern 
  Michigan, 
  March 
  29; 
  southern 
  Wisconsin, 
  March 
  13; 
  central 
  

   Iowa, 
  March 
  16; 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  April 
  2; 
  southern 
  Manitoba, 
  

   April 
  16 
  (earliest 
  March 
  31, 
  1892); 
  in 
  1905 
  one 
  was 
  seen 
  March 
  27 
  at 
  

   Indian 
  Head, 
  Saskatchewan, 
  nearly 
  a 
  month 
  earlier 
  than 
  usual. 
  The 
  

   species 
  was 
  seen 
  May 
  24, 
  1901, 
  at 
  Fort 
  Chipewyan, 
  Alberta, 
  and 
  

   the 
  first 
  was 
  noted 
  May 
  24, 
  1904, 
  at 
  Fort 
  Simpson. 
  Its 
  arrival 
  has 
  

   been 
  noted 
  at 
  Fort 
  Reliance, 
  Yukon, 
  May 
  1; 
  at 
  St. 
  Michael, 
  Alaska, 
  

   May 
  8-10, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Kowak 
  River, 
  Alaska, 
  June 
  1 
  , 
  1899. 
  

  

  In 
  most 
  seasons 
  about 
  Long 
  Island 
  the 
  last 
  week 
  of 
  March 
  marks 
  

   the 
  disappearance 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  flocks. 
  Some 
  years 
  they 
  remain 
  during 
  

   the 
  first 
  few 
  days 
  of 
  April, 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  linger 
  until 
  about 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  

   May. 
  

  

  Eggs 
  have 
  been 
  taken 
  at 
  Minneapolis, 
  Minn., 
  May 
  13; 
  Oak 
  Lake, 
  

   Manitoba, 
  May 
  24, 
  1892; 
  Kowak 
  River, 
  Alaska, 
  June 
  14, 
  1899; 
  St. 
  

   Michael, 
  Alaska, 
  end 
  of 
  May. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration 
  . 
  — 
  Soon 
  after 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  October, 
  flocks 
  of 
  ' 
  broad- 
  

   bills 
  ' 
  begin 
  to 
  appear 
  near 
  Long 
  Island 
  and 
  the 
  numbers 
  increase 
  all 
  

   through 
  this 
  month. 
  September 
  26 
  is 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  when 
  the 
  first 
  

   scaups 
  arrive. 
  Early 
  arrivals, 
  on 
  the 
  average, 
  reach 
  Alexandria, 
  Va. 
  , 
  

   October 
  18, 
  and 
  the 
  species 
  becomes 
  common 
  about 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  Novem- 
  

   ber. 
  October 
  is 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  arrival 
  for 
  this 
  species 
  throughout 
  most 
  

   of 
  its 
  winter 
  range 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  the 
  early 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  

   month 
  is 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  departure 
  from 
  the 
  most 
  northern 
  breeding 
  

   grounds. 
  The 
  last 
  leave 
  St. 
  Michael, 
  Alaska, 
  October 
  7 
  to 
  15. 
  The 
  

   last 
  leave 
  Montreal, 
  on 
  the 
  average, 
  November 
  9 
  (latest 
  November 
  14, 
  

   1896); 
  the 
  latest 
  was 
  seen 
  at 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  November 
  27, 
  1885. 
  

  

  Aythya 
  affinis 
  (Eyt. 
  ). 
  Lesser 
  Scaup 
  Duck. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range.— 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  a 
  distinction 
  needs 
  to 
  be 
  

   drawn 
  between 
  the 
  breeding 
  range 
  and 
  the 
  summer 
  range. 
  Quite 
  a 
  

   number 
  of 
  nonbreeding 
  individuals 
  spend 
  the 
  summer 
  many 
  miles 
  

   south 
  of 
  the 
  nesting 
  grounds, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  eggs 
  or 
  young 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  

   certain 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  breeds. 
  These 
  nonbreeding 
  birds 
  are 
  

   not 
  rare 
  on 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  coast, 
  Long 
  Island 
  Sound, 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  

   Lakes. 
  The 
  lesser 
  scaup 
  does 
  not 
  breed 
  regularly 
  in 
  northeastern 
  

   United 
  States 
  nor 
  in 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  Maritime 
  Provinces; 
  indeed, 
  there 
  is 
  

   scarcely 
  a 
  breeding 
  record 
  for 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  North 
  America 
  east 
  of 
  

   Hudson 
  Bay 
  and 
  Lake 
  Huron. 
  The 
  extreme 
  easterly 
  points 
  at 
  which 
  

   the 
  species 
  breeds 
  are 
  around 
  Lake 
  St. 
  Clair 
  and 
  the 
  western 
  end 
  of 
  

   Lake 
  Erie 
  in 
  Ohio, 
  Michigan, 
  and 
  Ontario; 
  thence 
  westward, 
  a 
  few 
  

  

  