﻿52 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  undoubtedly 
  some 
  pairs 
  breed 
  in 
  Quebec 
  and 
  southern 
  Labrador, 
  

   though 
  it 
  is 
  as 
  yet 
  unrecorded 
  from 
  there, 
  from 
  the 
  Maritime 
  Provinces, 
  

   and 
  from 
  Newfoundland, 
  except 
  as 
  a 
  rather 
  rare 
  visitant. 
  In 
  Manitoba 
  

   and 
  westward 
  to 
  British 
  Columbia 
  it 
  becomes 
  more 
  common 
  as 
  a 
  

   breeder, 
  and 
  ranges 
  north 
  to 
  Fort 
  Churchill, 
  Fort 
  Rae, 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  

   the 
  Mackenzie, 
  and 
  the 
  upper 
  Yukon, 
  rarely 
  to 
  the 
  Yukon 
  mouth. 
  

   It 
  has 
  been 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  rare 
  straggler 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland 
  

   (Godhaven, 
  October; 
  Frederikshaab), 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  times 
  in 
  Europe. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  A 
  single 
  specimen 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  market 
  at 
  

   Habana, 
  and 
  this 
  constitutes 
  the 
  only 
  record 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   United 
  States. 
  To 
  the 
  westward 
  a 
  few 
  enter 
  Mexico 
  to 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  

   Mexico 
  and 
  Lower 
  California 
  to 
  San 
  Quentin. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  common 
  winter 
  

   resident 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  north 
  to 
  Massachu- 
  

   setts; 
  Lakes 
  Ontario, 
  Huron, 
  and 
  Michigan; 
  Utah, 
  Idaho, 
  British 
  

   Columbia, 
  Unalaska 
  Island, 
  and 
  the 
  Near 
  Islands. 
  It 
  is 
  casual 
  in 
  

   winter 
  in 
  the 
  Bermudas 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  one 
  record 
  from 
  the 
  Commander 
  

   Islands, 
  Kamchatka. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  As 
  with 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  hardy 
  ducks, 
  spring 
  migra- 
  

   tion 
  begins 
  in 
  February, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  March 
  the 
  buffle-head 
  is 
  

   fairly 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  where 
  it 
  winters 
  only 
  locally 
  and 
  during 
  

   exceptionally 
  mild 
  seasons. 
  Average 
  dates 
  of 
  arrival 
  are: 
  Renovo, 
  Pa., 
  

   March 
  18 
  (earliest 
  February 
  29, 
  1904); 
  New 
  Brunswick 
  and 
  Nova 
  

   Scotia, 
  March 
  22; 
  central 
  Indiana, 
  March 
  2; 
  northern 
  Illinois, 
  March 
  

   21; 
  southern 
  Michigan, 
  March 
  31 
  (earliest 
  March 
  1, 
  1887); 
  southern 
  

   Ontario, 
  April 
  7 
  (earliest 
  April 
  1, 
  1903); 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario, 
  April 
  24 
  

   (earliest 
  March 
  26, 
  1898); 
  southern 
  Iowa, 
  March 
  22 
  (earliest 
  March 
  1, 
  

   1891); 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  March 
  26 
  (earliest 
  March 
  6, 
  1889); 
  south- 
  

   eastern 
  Minnesota, 
  April 
  5; 
  Elk 
  River, 
  Minn., 
  April 
  11; 
  central 
  South 
  

   Dakota, 
  April 
  8; 
  southern 
  Manitoba, 
  April 
  25; 
  Osier, 
  Saskatchewan, 
  

   May 
  2, 
  1893; 
  Fort 
  Simpson, 
  Mackenzie, 
  May 
  11, 
  1904. 
  Eggs 
  have 
  

   been 
  taken 
  at 
  Fort 
  Simpson 
  May 
  25, 
  1860, 
  and 
  at 
  Fort 
  Yukon, 
  June 
  7, 
  

   1862. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  late 
  in 
  entering 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  

   September 
  records 
  being 
  rare, 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  extreme 
  northern 
  part, 
  

   and 
  even 
  here 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  scarcely 
  common 
  before 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   October. 
  At 
  Renovo, 
  Pa., 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  arrival 
  is 
  November 
  

   10, 
  though 
  in 
  1901 
  the 
  first 
  was 
  seen 
  September 
  21. 
  The 
  average 
  date 
  

   of 
  the 
  last 
  migrants 
  at 
  Montreal 
  was 
  November 
  1, 
  and 
  at 
  Ottawa, 
  

   Ontario, 
  November 
  8. 
  One 
  was 
  taken 
  at 
  Fort 
  Reliance, 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  

   Yukon, 
  October 
  7. 
  

  

  Harelda 
  liy 
  emails 
  (Linn.). 
  Old-squaw. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  includes 
  the 
  

   Arctic 
  coasts 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  islands. 
  It 
  is 
  abundant 
  to 
  the 
  northern 
  

   part 
  of 
  Banks 
  Land 
  and 
  thence 
  east 
  to 
  North 
  Somerset 
  Island 
  and 
  the 
  

  

  