﻿OLD-SQUAW. 
  53 
  

  

  south 
  shore 
  of 
  Lancaster 
  Sound 
  — 
  that 
  is, 
  to 
  about 
  latitude 
  74°. 
  On 
  

   the 
  western 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland 
  it 
  is 
  common 
  to 
  about 
  latitude 
  72°. 
  A 
  

   few 
  pass 
  much 
  farther 
  north 
  to 
  Melville 
  Island, 
  Wellington 
  Channel, 
  

   and 
  along" 
  the 
  whole 
  western 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland 
  and 
  on 
  Grinnell 
  Land 
  

   to 
  at 
  least 
  latitude 
  82°. 
  The 
  old-squaw 
  breeds 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  southeast- 
  

   ern 
  coast 
  of 
  Labrador, 
  to 
  Cape 
  Fullerton 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  Hudson 
  

   Bay 
  and 
  probably 
  to 
  Cape 
  Jones 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  coast. 
  Along 
  the 
  

   whole 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  mainland 
  from 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  to 
  Alaska 
  it 
  breeds 
  in 
  

   enormous 
  numbers, 
  and 
  is 
  a 
  common 
  breeder 
  on 
  the 
  Alaskan 
  coast 
  to 
  

   the 
  Aleutian 
  and 
  Near 
  islands 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Asiatic 
  coast 
  to 
  the 
  Comman- 
  

   der 
  Islands. 
  The 
  species 
  breeds 
  in 
  the 
  Arctic 
  regions 
  of 
  the 
  Old 
  

   World 
  and 
  winters 
  south 
  to 
  southern 
  Europe 
  and 
  central 
  Asia. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  Old-squaws 
  are 
  common 
  south 
  to 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  

   and 
  not 
  rare 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  North 
  Carolina. 
  So 
  abundant 
  

   are 
  they 
  on 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  coast 
  that 
  near 
  Newport, 
  R. 
  I., 
  in 
  Feb- 
  

   ruary, 
  1899, 
  a 
  flock 
  was 
  seen 
  that 
  was 
  estimated 
  to 
  contain 
  at 
  least 
  

   50,000. 
  During 
  the 
  winter 
  of 
  1887-88, 
  a 
  few 
  were 
  noted 
  at 
  Charles- 
  

   ton, 
  S. 
  C, 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  severe 
  winter 
  of 
  1894-95, 
  flocks 
  were 
  seen 
  

   off 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  South 
  Carolina. 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  records 
  for 
  Florida 
  — 
  

   near 
  Titusville 
  and 
  in 
  Leon 
  County. 
  In 
  mild 
  winters 
  old-squaws 
  

   remain 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence, 
  and 
  some 
  occur 
  at 
  this 
  season 
  in 
  

   southern 
  Greenland. 
  They 
  winter 
  abundantly 
  on 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes, 
  

   and 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  as 
  casual 
  visitors 
  at 
  St. 
  Louis, 
  Mo. 
  , 
  April 
  1, 
  Novem- 
  

   ber 
  20, 
  and 
  March 
  14; 
  New 
  Orleans, 
  La., 
  February 
  28, 
  1885, 
  and 
  Feb- 
  

   ruary 
  13, 
  1899; 
  Nebraska 
  (Omaha, 
  Neligh), 
  Kansas 
  (Patterson 
  Lake, 
  

   Gantz 
  Mill), 
  and 
  Colorado 
  (Fort 
  Collins, 
  Longmont, 
  Denver). 
  This 
  

   species 
  winters 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  from 
  the 
  Aleutian 
  Islands 
  south- 
  

   ward; 
  it 
  is 
  tolerably 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Washington, 
  and 
  not 
  rare 
  

   to 
  northern 
  California; 
  it 
  is 
  casual 
  in 
  southern 
  California 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  

   as 
  San 
  Diego 
  Bay. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  movements 
  of 
  old-squaws 
  along 
  

   the 
  New 
  England 
  coast 
  are 
  in 
  April, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  time 
  also 
  when 
  the 
  

   species 
  migrates 
  through 
  western 
  Pennsylvania 
  and 
  western 
  New 
  York. 
  

   The 
  first 
  of 
  those 
  that 
  have 
  moved 
  south 
  reappear 
  at 
  Grand 
  Manan, 
  

   New 
  Brunswick, 
  on 
  an 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  March 
  9, 
  and 
  at 
  Godbout, 
  Que- 
  

   bec, 
  April 
  22. 
  North 
  of 
  its 
  winter 
  quarters 
  it 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  

   ducks 
  to 
  arrive, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  noted 
  at 
  Fort 
  Simpson, 
  Mackenzie, 
  62°, 
  

   May 
  10, 
  1904; 
  Winter 
  Island, 
  latitude 
  66°, 
  May 
  3, 
  1822; 
  Igloolik, 
  

   latitude 
  69°, 
  May 
  21, 
  1823; 
  Boothia 
  Felix, 
  latitude 
  70°, 
  June 
  12, 
  1830, 
  

   June 
  20, 
  1831, 
  about 
  June 
  16, 
  1833, 
  and 
  not 
  until 
  after 
  June 
  25, 
  1832; 
  

   Prince 
  of 
  Wales 
  Strait, 
  latitude 
  75°, 
  May 
  31, 
  1851; 
  Mercy 
  Bay, 
  June 
  

   13, 
  1852; 
  Winter 
  Harbor, 
  latitude 
  75°, 
  June 
  22, 
  1820; 
  Cape 
  Sabine, 
  

   latitude 
  78°, 
  June 
  1, 
  1884; 
  Van 
  Rensselaer 
  Harbor, 
  latitude 
  79°, 
  June 
  

   16, 
  1854; 
  Fort 
  Conger, 
  latitude 
  81°, 
  June 
  17, 
  1882, 
  June 
  6, 
  1883; 
  

   Floeberg 
  Beach, 
  latitude 
  82° 
  40', 
  July 
  12, 
  1876. 
  The 
  last 
  usually 
  leave 
  

  

  