﻿AMEBIC 
  AN 
  EIDEB. 
  57 
  

  

  west 
  coast 
  to 
  Dumb-bell 
  Bay, 
  latitude 
  82°; 
  not 
  abundant 
  north 
  of 
  

   about 
  78° 
  latitude. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  lack 
  of 
  definite 
  knowledge 
  concerning 
  

   the 
  western 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  this 
  species. 
  It 
  is 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  

   eiders 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay, 
  west 
  to 
  longitude 
  87°, 
  belong 
  to 
  this 
  form. 
  It 
  

   is 
  also 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  common 
  eider 
  on 
  the 
  Arctic 
  coast 
  of 
  north- 
  

   western 
  North 
  America 
  is 
  S. 
  v-nigra, 
  and 
  that 
  this 
  form 
  occurs 
  east 
  

   along 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  mainland 
  to 
  about 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Coppermine 
  

   Kiver, 
  115° 
  longitude. 
  There 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  no 
  specimen 
  of 
  either 
  

   form 
  in 
  any 
  collection 
  from 
  the 
  Arctic 
  islands 
  west 
  of 
  Baffin 
  Bay. 
  

   It 
  is 
  a 
  fair 
  presumption 
  that 
  the 
  eiders 
  of 
  Wellington 
  Channel 
  and 
  

   vicinity 
  — 
  longitude 
  90°-95°, 
  where 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  common 
  north 
  to 
  

   77° 
  latitude 
  — 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  eastern 
  form 
  and 
  that 
  those 
  of 
  Banks 
  

   Land, 
  longitude 
  115°-125°, 
  are 
  S. 
  v-nigra, 
  but 
  the 
  dividing 
  line 
  

   between 
  the 
  two 
  forms 
  remains 
  to 
  be 
  determined. 
  The 
  typical 
  form, 
  

   /Somateria 
  mollissima, 
  breeds 
  in 
  northwestern 
  Europe 
  and 
  comes 
  south 
  

   in 
  winter 
  rarely 
  to 
  southern 
  Europe. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  In 
  winter 
  the 
  northern 
  eider 
  ranges 
  from 
  southern 
  

   Greenland 
  and 
  northern 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  south 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  to 
  

   Massachusetts. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Just 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  range, 
  at 
  Cumberland 
  

   Sound, 
  latitude 
  66°, 
  the 
  first 
  appeared 
  April 
  30, 
  1878; 
  in 
  Wellington 
  

   Channel, 
  latitude 
  76°, 
  May 
  17, 
  1851; 
  at 
  Cape 
  Sabine, 
  latitude 
  79°, 
  

   May 
  28, 
  1884; 
  and 
  at 
  Thank 
  God 
  Harbor, 
  latitude 
  81°, 
  June 
  4, 
  1872. 
  

  

  The 
  latest 
  stragglers 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  New 
  England 
  leave 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  

   in 
  April. 
  The 
  first 
  eggs 
  on 
  Cumberland 
  Sound 
  were 
  found 
  June 
  21, 
  

   1878; 
  the 
  first 
  at 
  the 
  south 
  end 
  of 
  Greenland, 
  June 
  24, 
  1886. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  The 
  earliest 
  migrants 
  arrive 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Massa- 
  

   chusetts 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  October; 
  the 
  last 
  were 
  seen 
  at 
  Dumb-bell 
  Bay, 
  Sep- 
  

   tember 
  5, 
  1875; 
  at 
  Thank 
  God 
  Harbor, 
  November 
  4, 
  1872; 
  and 
  in 
  

   Cumberland 
  Sound, 
  November 
  17", 
  1878. 
  

  

  Somateria 
  dresseri 
  Sharpe. 
  American 
  Eider. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  American 
  eider 
  rarely 
  breeds 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Maine; 
  formerly 
  its 
  breeding 
  range 
  extended 
  to 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  

   Penobscot 
  Bay, 
  but 
  is 
  now 
  restricted 
  to 
  a 
  few 
  colonies 
  in 
  Jericho 
  Bay 
  

   and 
  on 
  Old 
  Man 
  Island; 
  it 
  breeds 
  abundantly 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  

   of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  is 
  fairly 
  common 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Hamilton 
  

   Inlet, 
  latitude 
  54°; 
  it 
  breeds 
  commonly 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  shore 
  of 
  Hudson 
  

   Bay, 
  from 
  latitude 
  54° 
  to 
  latitude 
  56°, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  shore 
  in 
  the 
  

   vicinity 
  of 
  Fort 
  Churchill. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  American 
  eider 
  winters 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  New- 
  

   foundland; 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  through 
  the 
  win- 
  

   ter, 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  the 
  Massachusetts 
  coast; 
  it 
  

   is 
  casual 
  on 
  the 
  New 
  Jersey 
  coast, 
  and 
  is 
  accidental 
  near 
  Marshall 
  

   Hall, 
  Md. 
  , 
  and 
  near 
  Cobbs 
  Island, 
  Virginia 
  (December 
  28, 
  1900). 
  In 
  

  

  