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  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  seems 
  to 
  be 
  no 
  record 
  of 
  the 
  discovery 
  of 
  the 
  nest 
  in 
  this 
  region. 
  

   Nonbreeding 
  birds 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  occur 
  far 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  breeding- 
  

   grounds. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  unknown 
  from 
  the 
  whole 
  vast 
  interior 
  of 
  

   North 
  America, 
  between 
  Hudson 
  Ba}^ 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  the 
  Yukon 
  Val- 
  

   ley 
  on 
  the 
  west, 
  and 
  south 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  boundaiw; 
  it 
  

   ranges 
  north 
  to 
  Ungava 
  Bay, 
  Hudson 
  Strait, 
  and 
  Fort 
  Churchill, 
  

   Hudson 
  Bay, 
  and 
  apparent^ 
  does 
  not 
  breed 
  south 
  of 
  Newfoundland, 
  

   nor 
  in 
  Labrador 
  south 
  of 
  about 
  latitude 
  52°; 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  follows 
  by 
  

   exclusion 
  that 
  the 
  multitudes 
  of 
  these 
  ducks 
  that 
  winter 
  from 
  the 
  Gulf 
  

   of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  south 
  along 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  must 
  breed 
  in 
  northern 
  

   Ungava. 
  

  

  The 
  American 
  scoter 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  abundant 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast, 
  

   and 
  breeds 
  from 
  the 
  Aleutians 
  and 
  Near 
  Island 
  north 
  to 
  Kotzebue 
  

   Sound 
  and 
  northeastern 
  Asia. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  American 
  scoter 
  remains 
  in 
  winter 
  around 
  New- 
  

   foundland, 
  except 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  driven 
  away 
  by 
  the 
  drift 
  ice; 
  thence 
  

   south 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  to 
  Long 
  Island 
  Sound 
  and 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  New 
  

   Jersey, 
  less 
  common 
  to 
  South 
  Carolina, 
  rare 
  or 
  accidental 
  in 
  Florida; 
  it 
  

   is 
  not 
  rare 
  on 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes 
  during 
  the 
  winter, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  

   at 
  various 
  places 
  inland 
  in 
  the 
  neighboring 
  States; 
  rare 
  or 
  accidental 
  

   at 
  St. 
  Louis, 
  Mo.; 
  Lake 
  Catherine, 
  Louisiana; 
  Lincoln, 
  Nebr. 
  ; 
  Fort 
  

   Collins, 
  Colo. 
  ; 
  and 
  Cheyenne, 
  Wyo. 
  The 
  Pacific 
  birds 
  winter 
  from 
  

   the 
  Aleutian 
  Islands 
  to 
  the 
  Santa 
  Barbara 
  Islands, 
  California, 
  and 
  also 
  

   to 
  Japan 
  on 
  the 
  Asiatic 
  side. 
  

  

  Sjyring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Arrivals 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  

   St. 
  Lawrence 
  from 
  March 
  25 
  to 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  April, 
  and 
  the 
  breed- 
  

   ing 
  grounds 
  are 
  reached 
  soon 
  after 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  

   birds 
  disappear 
  from 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Massachusetts 
  the 
  last 
  week 
  of 
  

   April, 
  but 
  belated 
  individuals 
  have 
  been 
  seen 
  at 
  Cobb 
  Island, 
  Vir- 
  

   ginia, 
  May 
  19, 
  1891; 
  Shelter 
  Island, 
  N. 
  Y., 
  June 
  5, 
  1893; 
  and 
  Woods 
  

   Hole, 
  Mass., 
  June 
  10, 
  1891. 
  On 
  the 
  Pacific 
  side 
  the 
  first 
  arrivals 
  were 
  

   noted 
  at 
  St. 
  Michael, 
  Alaska, 
  May 
  16, 
  and 
  in 
  Kotzebue 
  Sound 
  June 
  3. 
  

   A 
  few 
  linger 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  until 
  early 
  May. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  An 
  American 
  scoter 
  was 
  noted 
  at 
  Black 
  River, 
  

   Lewis 
  County, 
  N. 
  Y., 
  September 
  27, 
  1877; 
  one 
  at 
  Ottawa, 
  Ontario, 
  

   September 
  21, 
  1887, 
  and 
  one 
  at 
  Woods 
  Hole, 
  Mass., 
  September 
  9, 
  

   1891, 
  but 
  the 
  regular 
  flight 
  does 
  not 
  occur 
  until 
  early 
  October, 
  and 
  

   at 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  first 
  migrants 
  are 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Puget 
  Sound. 
  The 
  last 
  ones 
  leave 
  St. 
  Michael, 
  Alaska, 
  from 
  the 
  10th 
  

   to 
  15th 
  of 
  October. 
  

  

  Oidemia 
  fusca 
  (Linn.). 
  Velvet 
  Scoter. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  an 
  Asiatic 
  and 
  European 
  species, 
  an 
  individual 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  

   taken 
  in 
  May, 
  1878, 
  near 
  Godthaab, 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland. 
  

  

  