﻿WHITE-WINGED 
  SCOTER. 
  61 
  

  

  Oidemia 
  deglandi 
  Bonap. 
  White-winged 
  Scoter. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  This 
  scoter 
  breeds 
  along 
  the 
  north 
  shore 
  of 
  the 
  

   Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  north 
  to 
  Nachvak 
  Bay, 
  Labrador, 
  about 
  

   latitude 
  59°; 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  it 
  breeds 
  in 
  North 
  Dakota 
  (Devils 
  Lake), 
  

   Manitoba, 
  Alberta, 
  and 
  north 
  to 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  and 
  the 
  Arctic 
  coast. 
  

   On 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  it 
  breeds 
  from 
  British 
  Columbia 
  (158-Mile 
  House) 
  

   north 
  to 
  Kotzebue 
  Sound 
  and 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  northeastern 
  Siberia, 
  

   rarely 
  to 
  Point 
  Barrow. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  common 
  anywhere 
  in 
  Alaska. 
  

   Nonbreeders 
  remain 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  in 
  summer 
  as 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  California 
  

   and 
  are 
  not 
  uncommon 
  along 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  coast 
  south 
  to 
  Rhode 
  

   Island. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  south 
  along 
  the 
  

   Atlantic 
  coast 
  to 
  South 
  Carolina 
  — 
  accidental 
  in 
  Florida 
  — 
  constitutes 
  

   the 
  winter 
  range. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  especially 
  common 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Massachusetts 
  and 
  Long 
  Island 
  Sound. 
  In 
  the 
  interior 
  it 
  extends 
  its 
  

   range 
  south 
  regularly 
  and 
  commonly 
  to 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes; 
  less 
  com- 
  

   monly 
  to 
  the 
  smaller 
  bodies 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  neighboring 
  States; 
  casually 
  

   to 
  Louisiana, 
  Illinois 
  (opposite 
  St. 
  Louis), 
  Iowa 
  (Lost 
  Island 
  Lake), 
  

   Nebraska 
  (Omaha, 
  Lincoln), 
  Colorado 
  (Fort 
  Collins, 
  Loveland, 
  Long- 
  

   mont, 
  Denver). 
  It 
  winters 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  from 
  Unalaska 
  Island 
  

   to 
  San 
  Quentin 
  Ba} 
  T 
  , 
  Lower 
  California. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Earl} 
  T 
  northward 
  movements 
  on 
  the 
  New 
  Eng- 
  

   land 
  coast 
  begin 
  late 
  in 
  March, 
  and 
  at 
  about 
  this 
  time 
  the 
  first 
  migrants 
  

   appear 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence; 
  the 
  principal 
  flights 
  occur 
  from 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  April 
  to 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  May. 
  At 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  Minn., 
  

   where 
  the 
  species 
  does 
  not 
  winter, 
  the 
  first 
  were 
  noted 
  April 
  6, 
  1888; 
  

   March 
  21, 
  1889; 
  April 
  5, 
  1890, 
  and 
  April 
  9, 
  1891; 
  at 
  Aweme, 
  Mani- 
  

   toba, 
  April 
  27, 
  1897; 
  April 
  15, 
  1898, 
  and 
  April 
  22, 
  1899. 
  In 
  the 
  Devils 
  

   Lake 
  region 
  of 
  North 
  Dakota 
  the 
  earliest 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  about 
  the 
  mid- 
  

   dle 
  of 
  June, 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  eggs 
  w 
  7 
  ere 
  taken 
  at 
  Lake 
  Manitoba 
  in 
  1894 
  

   on 
  June 
  26. 
  These 
  dates 
  seem 
  late, 
  since 
  eggs 
  were 
  taken 
  near 
  

   Fort 
  Anderson, 
  Mackenzie, 
  June 
  22, 
  1865, 
  and 
  down}" 
  young 
  were 
  

   found 
  near 
  Fort 
  Yukon, 
  Alaska, 
  June 
  23, 
  1866. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  Unusually 
  early 
  arrivals 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  on 
  the 
  

   Massachusetts 
  coast 
  by 
  August 
  10; 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  when 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  

   the 
  regular 
  flight 
  appear 
  is 
  September 
  6, 
  and 
  the 
  greater 
  flocks 
  pass 
  

   October 
  10-20; 
  the 
  first 
  were 
  seen 
  near 
  Baltimore, 
  Md., 
  September 
  

   12, 
  1894, 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  latitude 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  reached 
  a 
  

   month 
  later, 
  as 
  attested 
  by 
  the 
  following 
  dates 
  of 
  arrival: 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  

   Minn., 
  October 
  11, 
  1886; 
  Lincoln, 
  Nebr., 
  October 
  14, 
  1899; 
  Denver, 
  

   Colo., 
  October 
  16, 
  1890; 
  Longmont, 
  Colo., 
  October 
  20, 
  1901; 
  Love- 
  

   land, 
  Colo., 
  October 
  11, 
  1903, 
  On 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  California 
  migrants 
  

   arrive 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  August. 
  

  

  