﻿68 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  turn 
  to 
  the 
  northwestward 
  and 
  breed 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  on 
  Victoria 
  

   Land. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  During 
  winter 
  the 
  greater 
  snow 
  goose 
  has 
  occurred 
  

   in 
  Cuba, 
  Isle 
  of 
  Pines, 
  Jamaica, 
  and 
  Porto 
  Rico. 
  Sometimes 
  it 
  has 
  

   appeared 
  in 
  Cuba 
  in 
  quite 
  large 
  numbers. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  usually 
  common 
  

   anywhere 
  south 
  of 
  North 
  Carolina. 
  On 
  this 
  coast 
  and 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  

   Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  rare; 
  a 
  few 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  winter 
  even 
  as 
  far 
  

   north 
  as 
  Massachusetts. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  sharply 
  -defined 
  line 
  in 
  the 
  Mis- 
  

   sissippi 
  Valley 
  between 
  the 
  winter 
  ranges 
  of 
  the 
  greater 
  and 
  the 
  lesser 
  

   forms. 
  In 
  general 
  the 
  greater 
  snow 
  goose 
  is 
  the 
  more 
  common 
  east 
  

   of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River, 
  and 
  winters 
  from 
  southern 
  Illinois 
  to 
  the 
  

   Gulf. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Throughout 
  North 
  America, 
  north 
  of 
  Virginia 
  

   and 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  immediate 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay, 
  the 
  greater 
  snow 
  

   goose 
  is 
  a 
  rare 
  visitant; 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  dates 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  fall 
  

   between 
  March 
  20 
  and 
  April 
  10. 
  In 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  Valley 
  migration 
  

   begins 
  in 
  February, 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  migrants 
  appear 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  

   range 
  early 
  in 
  March; 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  arrival 
  in 
  central 
  Iowa 
  is 
  

   March 
  22, 
  and 
  in 
  northern 
  Iowa 
  March 
  26; 
  southern 
  Minnesota 
  is 
  

   reached 
  April 
  6, 
  southern 
  Manitoba 
  April 
  22, 
  and 
  in 
  1901 
  the 
  first 
  were 
  

   noted 
  in 
  northern 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  June 
  4. 
  The 
  last 
  leave 
  the 
  Gulf 
  coast 
  

   about 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  April; 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  for 
  eleven 
  years 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  

   seen 
  at 
  Aweme, 
  Manitoba, 
  is 
  Ma} 
  7 
  15, 
  and 
  the 
  latest 
  date 
  May 
  20, 
  1903. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  dates 
  of 
  arrival 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  

   in 
  New 
  England 
  is 
  October 
  2, 
  1896, 
  at 
  Lake 
  Umbagog; 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  

   few 
  other 
  October 
  dates 
  for 
  New 
  England. 
  About 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   October 
  the 
  earliest 
  migrants 
  appear 
  on 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay, 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  

   of 
  the 
  month 
  they 
  arrive 
  in 
  Cuba 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  recorded 
  in 
  the 
  

   Bermudas. 
  In 
  the 
  fall 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  arrival 
  at 
  Aweme, 
  Mani- 
  

   toba, 
  is 
  September 
  28, 
  and 
  the 
  earliest 
  September 
  24, 
  1901; 
  central 
  

   Iowa 
  is 
  reached 
  October 
  17, 
  and 
  the 
  Gulf 
  coast 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  the 
  month. 
  

   The 
  average 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  at 
  Aweme, 
  Manitoba, 
  is 
  

   October 
  20 
  (latest 
  October 
  31, 
  1900). 
  

  

  Chen 
  caerulescens 
  (Linn. 
  } 
  . 
  Blue 
  Goose. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  According 
  to 
  reports 
  of 
  Indians 
  the 
  blue 
  goose 
  

   nests 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  northern 
  Ungava, 
  but 
  the 
  nest 
  and 
  eggs 
  are 
  

   unknown 
  to 
  science, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  record 
  of 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  birds 
  

   anywhere 
  in 
  summer. 
  During 
  migration 
  the 
  species 
  has 
  been 
  noted 
  

   as 
  an 
  occasional 
  visitant 
  as 
  far 
  west 
  as 
  the 
  western 
  shore 
  of 
  Hudson 
  

   Bay 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Fort 
  Churchill 
  and 
  east 
  to 
  New 
  Hampshire. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  lower 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  Valley, 
  princi- 
  

   pally 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  winter 
  home 
  of 
  this 
  rather 
  

   rare 
  goose. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  on 
  the 
  Gulf 
  coast 
  of 
  Louisiana 
  and 
  

   Texas, 
  and 
  north 
  to 
  Nebraska 
  and 
  southern 
  Illinois. 
  It 
  has 
  occurred 
  

  

  

  