﻿72 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  Branta 
  canadensis 
  (Linn.). 
  Canada 
  Goose. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  Canada 
  goose 
  

   is 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  Canada, 
  from 
  Saskatchewan 
  and 
  Alberta 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  

   limit 
  of 
  trees. 
  Eastward 
  it 
  breeds 
  commonly 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  Ungava 
  

   and 
  rarely 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  Okak 
  and 
  Ungava 
  Bay. 
  It 
  

   is 
  not 
  a 
  rare 
  breeder 
  in 
  Newfoundland, 
  and 
  is 
  fairly 
  common 
  on 
  the 
  

   islands 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  thence 
  west 
  through 
  Quebec 
  

   and 
  northern 
  Ontario 
  to 
  the 
  southern 
  end 
  of 
  James 
  Bay. 
  An} 
  T 
  occur- 
  

   rences 
  south 
  of 
  this 
  district 
  must 
  be 
  considered 
  accidental 
  or 
  casual, 
  

   though 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  recorded 
  as 
  nesting 
  at 
  Lexington, 
  Mass., 
  April, 
  

   1888, 
  and 
  once 
  at 
  Hartland, 
  Vt. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  North 
  America 
  the 
  breeding 
  range 
  extends 
  some- 
  

   what 
  farther 
  south. 
  A 
  hundred 
  years 
  ago 
  the 
  species 
  bred 
  commonly 
  

   in 
  all 
  the 
  northern 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  Valley 
  and 
  not 
  uncom- 
  

   mon^ 
  to 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  St. 
  Louis. 
  Now 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  pairs 
  breed- 
  

   ing 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  central 
  Iowa 
  is 
  very 
  small, 
  though 
  even 
  of 
  

   late 
  years 
  the 
  Canada 
  goose 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  breed 
  at 
  Samburg 
  and 
  

   at 
  Reelfoot 
  Lake, 
  Tennessee, 
  which 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  most 
  southern 
  

   localities 
  known 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Rock}" 
  Mountains. 
  A 
  few 
  breed 
  in 
  Ken- 
  

   tucky, 
  and 
  the 
  number 
  increases 
  slightly 
  in 
  Indiana 
  and 
  Illinois 
  and 
  

   the 
  southern 
  third 
  of 
  Michigan 
  and 
  Wisconsin. 
  North 
  of 
  this 
  and 
  

   throughout 
  much 
  of 
  Minnesota 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  a 
  regular 
  and 
  not 
  uncom- 
  

   mon 
  summer 
  resident. 
  The 
  Canada 
  goose 
  formerly 
  bred 
  in 
  Kansas; 
  

   now 
  it 
  breeds 
  rarely 
  in 
  Nebraska 
  and 
  southern 
  South 
  Dakota; 
  regu- 
  

   larly 
  in 
  North 
  Dakota 
  and 
  northward. 
  The 
  species 
  still 
  breeds 
  in 
  the 
  

   northern 
  third 
  of 
  Colorado, 
  in 
  northern 
  Utah, 
  northern 
  Nevada, 
  south- 
  

   ern 
  Oregon 
  and 
  northward. 
  A 
  half 
  century 
  ago 
  it 
  was 
  recorded 
  as 
  

   breeding 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  southern 
  New 
  Mexico. 
  The 
  western 
  boundary 
  

   of 
  the 
  breeding 
  range 
  extends 
  from 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  British 
  Columbia 
  

   to 
  the 
  upper 
  Yukon 
  and 
  to 
  Fort 
  Yukon, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  stragglers 
  west 
  to 
  

   the 
  Yukon 
  mouth. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  winter 
  home 
  is 
  the 
  southern 
  half 
  of 
  

   the 
  Mississippi 
  Valley 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River, 
  but 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  

   not 
  rare 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  United 
  States 
  from 
  Florida 
  to 
  Maryland, 
  occa- 
  

   sionally 
  to 
  Massachusetts, 
  and 
  is 
  recorded 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  in 
  Maine, 
  

   Nova 
  Scotia, 
  Quebec, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  Newfoundland. 
  The 
  normal 
  winter 
  

   range 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  extends 
  to 
  southern 
  Indiana 
  and 
  southern 
  Illinois, 
  

   but 
  a 
  few 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  in 
  winter 
  in 
  Ohio, 
  southern 
  Ontario, 
  south- 
  

   ern 
  Michigan, 
  southern 
  Wisconsin, 
  Nebraska, 
  southern 
  Colorado, 
  and 
  

   southern 
  Utah. 
  The 
  winter 
  home 
  includes 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  region 
  

   north 
  to 
  British 
  Columbia, 
  but 
  in 
  California 
  typical 
  B. 
  canadensis 
  

   inhabits 
  the 
  interior 
  rather 
  than 
  the 
  seashore. 
  The 
  Canada 
  goose 
  is 
  an 
  

   accidental 
  visitant 
  to 
  the 
  Bermudas 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  West 
  Indies 
  (Jamaica 
  

   and 
  probably 
  St. 
  Croix). 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration.— 
  Move 
  records 
  on 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  Canada 
  

  

  