﻿78 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  date 
  of 
  its 
  arrival 
  in 
  northern 
  North 
  Dakota 
  and 
  southern 
  Manitoba 
  is 
  

   April 
  12, 
  fully 
  two 
  weeks 
  later 
  than 
  the 
  Canada 
  goose 
  arrives. 
  Hud- 
  

   son 
  Bay 
  is 
  reached 
  early 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  the 
  extreme 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   range 
  not 
  much 
  before 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  June. 
  The 
  first 
  was 
  noted 
  near 
  the 
  

   mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Yukon 
  River 
  May 
  8 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Kowak 
  River 
  May 
  14. 
  

   Eggs 
  were 
  taken 
  near 
  Fort 
  Anderson, 
  Mackenzie, 
  June 
  10, 
  1864, 
  and 
  

   June 
  14, 
  1865. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  Small 
  famih 
  T 
  parties 
  begin 
  to 
  flock 
  early 
  in 
  August 
  

   and 
  flocks 
  appear 
  at 
  Aweme, 
  Manitoba, 
  on 
  the 
  average 
  September 
  21 
  

   (earliest 
  September 
  13, 
  1904). 
  First 
  arrivals 
  were 
  noted 
  at 
  Terry, 
  

   Mont., 
  September 
  22, 
  1904; 
  Delavan, 
  Wis., 
  October 
  12, 
  1894; 
  central 
  

   Kansas, 
  October 
  5-13; 
  central 
  California 
  about 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  October. 
  

   The 
  last 
  noted 
  at 
  Cape 
  McDonnel, 
  Great 
  Bear 
  Lake, 
  was 
  on 
  Septem- 
  

   ber 
  25; 
  at 
  Fort 
  Wrigley, 
  Mackenzie, 
  October 
  12, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Kowak 
  

   River, 
  Alaska, 
  September 
  14. 
  

  

  Branta 
  canadensis 
  occidentalis 
  (Baird). 
  White-Cheeked 
  Goose. 
  

  

  This 
  form 
  is 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  slope 
  and 
  breeds 
  from 
  the 
  

   Klamath 
  Lakes 
  and 
  Lake 
  Tahoe, 
  north 
  to 
  Sitka 
  and 
  Mitkof 
  Island. 
  

   It 
  winters 
  from 
  Washington 
  south 
  to 
  San 
  Diego 
  County, 
  Cal. 
  It 
  

   appears 
  south 
  of 
  its 
  breeding 
  range 
  in 
  early 
  November 
  and 
  starts 
  

   north 
  so 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  that 
  after 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  March 
  few 
  are 
  

   left 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  range. 
  

  

  Branta 
  canadensis 
  minima 
  Eidgw. 
  Cackling 
  Goose. 
  

  

  This 
  form 
  is 
  confined 
  during 
  the 
  breeding 
  season 
  to 
  Alaska, 
  where 
  it 
  

   breeds 
  abundantly 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  from 
  the 
  Kowak 
  River 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  Alaska 
  Peninsula. 
  It 
  breeds 
  very 
  abundantly 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  

   western 
  Aleutians. 
  It 
  winters 
  in 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia 
  and 
  

   thence 
  south 
  to 
  San 
  Diego 
  County, 
  Cal. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  wander 
  

   east 
  to 
  Hudson 
  Bay, 
  Wisconsin, 
  and 
  Colorado. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  the 
  earliest 
  goose 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Yukon 
  in 
  spring 
  

   migration, 
  arriving 
  there 
  from 
  the 
  25th 
  to 
  the 
  30th 
  of 
  April, 
  a 
  few 
  

   day* 
  after 
  the 
  last 
  have 
  deserted 
  the 
  southern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  

   range. 
  The 
  return 
  movement 
  begins 
  late 
  in 
  August, 
  is 
  at 
  its 
  height 
  

   by 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  September, 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  arrive 
  in 
  central 
  California 
  

   about 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  October. 
  The 
  species 
  deserts 
  the 
  Yukon 
  region 
  the 
  

   last 
  of 
  September 
  or 
  early 
  in 
  October, 
  and 
  the 
  Aleutians 
  about 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  November. 
  

  

  Branta 
  bernicla 
  (Linn.). 
  Brant. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  Old 
  World 
  species 
  that 
  breeds 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  mainland 
  

   of 
  Europe 
  and 
  extends 
  west 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland; 
  winters 
  

   in 
  northern 
  Europe, 
  rarely 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  Mediterranean. 
  

  

  