﻿BLACK 
  BRANT. 
  81 
  

  

  Brant 
  reappear 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  late 
  in 
  September, 
  and 
  

   arrive 
  at 
  Long 
  Island 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  October. 
  They 
  occupy 
  less 
  

   than 
  sixty 
  days 
  in 
  retracing 
  their 
  flight 
  over 
  the 
  course 
  to 
  cover 
  which 
  

   in 
  spring 
  requires 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  hundred 
  days. 
  In 
  the 
  fall 
  migration 
  

   great 
  numbers 
  pass 
  south 
  along 
  the 
  west 
  shore 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay, 
  but 
  as 
  

   the 
  species 
  is 
  almost 
  unknown 
  in 
  Manitoba 
  and 
  Ontario, 
  these 
  birds 
  

   must 
  pass 
  through 
  northern 
  Quebec 
  to 
  gain 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast. 
  

  

  Branta 
  nigricans 
  (Lawr. 
  ). 
  Black 
  Brant. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  known 
  breeding 
  ground 
  of 
  this 
  

   species 
  is 
  along 
  the 
  Arctic 
  coast 
  and 
  islands 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  the 
  mouth 
  

   of 
  the 
  Anderson 
  River. 
  Thence 
  westward 
  a 
  smaller 
  number 
  breed 
  at 
  

   Point 
  Barrow. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  common 
  on 
  the 
  Siberian 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  

   Chukchi 
  Peninsula 
  and 
  west 
  to 
  the 
  New 
  Siberian 
  Islands. 
  As 
  stated 
  

   under 
  the 
  preceding 
  species, 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  brant 
  breeding 
  

   abundantly 
  on 
  Banks 
  Land 
  and 
  in 
  smaller 
  numbers 
  on 
  Melville 
  Island 
  

   belong 
  to 
  this 
  species. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  main 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  brant 
  winters 
  on 
  the 
  

   coast 
  of 
  California, 
  especially 
  at 
  Bodega 
  Bay 
  and 
  Tomales 
  Bay. 
  A 
  few 
  

   pass 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  San 
  Quentin 
  Bay 
  and 
  Cerros 
  Island, 
  Lower 
  Cali- 
  

   fornia, 
  and 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  known 
  in 
  winter 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  Straits 
  of 
  Juan 
  

   de 
  Fuca. 
  It 
  penetrates 
  inland 
  to 
  Pyramid 
  and 
  Washoe 
  lakes, 
  Nevada; 
  

   Malheur 
  and 
  Klamath 
  lakes, 
  Oregon, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  has 
  

   straggled 
  to 
  Chatham, 
  Mass. 
  ; 
  Oneida 
  Lake, 
  New 
  York; 
  Islip 
  and 
  Great 
  

   South 
  Bay, 
  Long 
  Island, 
  and 
  Long 
  Beach, 
  New 
  Jersey. 
  On 
  the 
  Asiatic 
  

   side 
  the 
  brant 
  goes 
  south 
  in 
  winter 
  to 
  Japan. 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Brant 
  begin 
  to 
  move 
  northward 
  in 
  early 
  March, 
  

   but 
  proceed 
  so 
  slowly 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  when 
  they 
  arrive 
  

   at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Yukon, 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  May 
  when 
  they 
  reach 
  

   Kotzebue 
  Sound; 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  arrival 
  at 
  Point 
  Barrow 
  are 
  June 
  13, 
  

   1882, 
  June 
  7, 
  1883, 
  and 
  June 
  5, 
  1898; 
  downy 
  young 
  were 
  taken 
  there 
  

   July 
  10, 
  1898. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  birds 
  have 
  left 
  the 
  California 
  coast 
  by 
  the 
  

   last 
  of 
  April, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  strange 
  that 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  latest 
  records 
  

   south 
  of 
  Alaska 
  should 
  come 
  from 
  Lower 
  California, 
  where 
  several 
  

   brant 
  were 
  seen 
  May 
  9 
  and 
  10 
  in 
  San 
  Quentin 
  Bay. 
  

  

  Instead 
  of 
  taking 
  the 
  long 
  course 
  around 
  the 
  northwest 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Alaska, 
  some 
  brant 
  that 
  nest 
  near 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Mackenzie 
  make 
  

   a 
  short 
  cut 
  across 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  Alaska, 
  and 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  abundant 
  

   for 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  each 
  spring 
  at 
  Fort 
  Yukon 
  and 
  La 
  Pierre 
  House 
  on 
  its 
  

   way 
  north 
  and 
  is 
  seen 
  each 
  spring 
  at 
  Fort 
  McPherson 
  passing 
  north 
  

   along 
  Peel 
  River. 
  

  

  Fall 
  migration. 
  — 
  Migrants 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Yukon 
  from 
  

   the 
  middle 
  to 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  September, 
  appear 
  in 
  British 
  Columbia 
  

   a 
  month 
  later, 
  and 
  reach 
  the 
  California 
  coast 
  in 
  November. 
  The 
  latest 
  

   dates 
  for 
  Point 
  Barrow 
  are 
  September 
  21, 
  1882, 
  and 
  September 
  20, 
  

   1898. 
  

  

  