﻿'36 
  NORTH 
  AMERICAN 
  DUCKS, 
  GEESE, 
  AND 
  SWANS. 
  

  

  Eggs 
  were 
  found 
  at 
  Nulato, 
  Alaska, 
  May 
  21, 
  somewhat 
  later 
  at 
  the 
  

   mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Yukon, 
  and 
  about 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  Jane 
  in 
  northern 
  Alaska. 
  

   The 
  last 
  egg 
  of 
  a 
  set 
  found 
  on 
  Winter 
  Island, 
  Melville 
  Peninsula, 
  was 
  

   laid 
  J 
  une 
  9, 
  1822. 
  

  

  I*aU 
  migration. 
  — 
  A 
  fine 
  set 
  of 
  records 
  of 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  

   in 
  the 
  fall 
  at 
  Alexandria, 
  Va., 
  gives 
  November 
  6 
  as 
  the 
  average 
  date 
  

   for 
  sixteen'years, 
  and 
  the 
  birds 
  became 
  common 
  by 
  November 
  22; 
  the 
  

   earliest 
  date 
  was 
  October 
  15, 
  1901. 
  Near 
  Baltimore, 
  Md., 
  an 
  unusu- 
  

   ally 
  early 
  bird 
  was 
  seen 
  September 
  26, 
  1893. 
  The 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  

   Alaska 
  is 
  deserted 
  in 
  early 
  September, 
  and 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  a 
  month 
  

   later; 
  few 
  individuals 
  arrive 
  at 
  their 
  winter 
  quarters 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

   coast 
  before 
  November. 
  

  

  Olor 
  buccinator 
  (Rich.)- 
  Trumpeter 
  Swan. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  range. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  this 
  swan 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  

   interior 
  of 
  North 
  America 
  from 
  the 
  western 
  shore 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  to 
  

   the 
  Rocky 
  Mountains, 
  and 
  from 
  about 
  latitude 
  60° 
  to 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Ocean. 
  

   In 
  early 
  times 
  it 
  probably 
  bred 
  south 
  to 
  Indiana, 
  Wisconsin, 
  Iowa, 
  

   Nebraska, 
  Montana, 
  and 
  Idaho; 
  it 
  nested 
  in 
  Iowa 
  as 
  late 
  as 
  1871; 
  in 
  

   Idaho 
  in 
  1877; 
  in 
  Minnesota 
  in 
  1886, 
  and 
  in 
  North 
  Dakota 
  probably 
  

   for 
  a 
  few 
  years 
  later. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  probable 
  that 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  the 
  

   trumpeter 
  nests 
  anywhere 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  Alberta 
  

   no 
  nests 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  later 
  than 
  1891. 
  The 
  vast 
  wilder- 
  

   ness 
  of 
  but 
  a 
  generation 
  ago 
  is 
  now 
  crossed 
  b} 
  T 
  railroads 
  and 
  thickly 
  

   dotted 
  with 
  farms. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  supposed 
  still 
  to 
  breed 
  in 
  the 
  

   interior 
  of 
  British 
  Columbia 
  at 
  about 
  latitude 
  53°. 
  The 
  eggs 
  have 
  

   been 
  taken 
  at 
  Fort 
  Yukon, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  westernmost 
  record 
  of 
  the 
  

   species. 
  

  

  Winter 
  range. 
  — 
  As 
  the 
  summer 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  trumpeter 
  swan 
  is 
  in 
  

   the 
  interior, 
  so 
  also 
  is 
  the 
  winter 
  home. 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  not 
  rare 
  south 
  

   to 
  Texas 
  and 
  remains 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  it 
  can 
  find 
  open 
  water, 
  sometimes 
  

   a 
  i 
  far 
  as 
  southern 
  Illinois 
  and 
  southern 
  Indiana. 
  During 
  its 
  migrations 
  

   it 
  occasionally 
  strays 
  to 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  slope 
  (Lincoln, 
  Del., 
  November 
  9, 
  

   1886; 
  Cayuga 
  Lake; 
  Buffalo). 
  Throughout 
  the 
  western 
  mountains 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  south 
  to 
  Colorado, 
  it 
  is 
  hardly 
  to 
  be 
  considered 
  more 
  

   than 
  a 
  rare 
  straggler, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  in 
  

   winter 
  from 
  southern 
  British 
  Columbia 
  to 
  southern 
  California 
  (Los 
  

   Angeles 
  County). 
  

  

  Spring 
  migration. 
  — 
  Early 
  writers 
  on 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  

   in 
  the 
  northern 
  interior 
  of 
  Canada 
  agree 
  in 
  considering 
  it 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   earliest 
  migrants, 
  arriving 
  before 
  the 
  geese 
  and 
  next 
  after 
  the 
  bald 
  

   eagle, 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  spring 
  bird 
  in 
  that 
  region. 
  It 
  is 
  reported 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  seen 
  at 
  Fort 
  Carlton, 
  latitude 
  52°, 
  March 
  30. 
  There 
  are 
  no 
  

   United 
  States 
  records 
  that 
  corroborate 
  this 
  view; 
  the 
  first 
  arrive 
  in 
  

  

  