272 THE ENGLISH SPARROW IN AMERICA. 



field. The house martins attempt to build in their old nests, but are driven off, as are 

 also the mockingbirds and bluebirds. (Carrollton, Ala., September 21, 1886. Present 

 about two years.) 



Corinth. Dr. Rawliugs Young: It is not yet numerous enough to scatter into the 

 suburbs and molest other birds. I have seen blue jays and mockingbirds fighting it. 

 (September 7, 1886. Present about two years.) 



Missouri. — Cape Girardeau. Henry A. Astholz : It has driven away the mocking- 

 bird, bluebird, and house martin. (September 3, 1886. Present about six years.) 



New Hampshire. — Franklin Falls. George Stolworthy : It occupies nearly all the 

 artificial nesting places formerly used by the white-bellied swallow, martin, and blue- 

 bird, and has driven away the robin and Baltimore oriole, which used to build near 

 these places. The only species I have seen nesting near the Sparrow are the cherry 

 bird and the pewee. This spring three pairs of Sparrows occupied nesting places that 

 had been used by bluebirds for three years. The bluebirds tried hard to recover them, 

 but without success. Purple martins and swallows had no better success. (August 

 24, 1886. Present six or seven years.) 



Lisbon. Dr. C. H. Boyuton : They have not been here long enough, and are too 

 few in number to cause a decrease in the number of native birds. (February 4, 1884. 

 Present about three years.) 



Milford. Jas. P. Melzer : The purple martin is successful in reclaiming former 

 nesting places; the bluebird and white-bellied swallow attempt to reclaim nesting 

 sites, but are not always successful. I think the bluebird would usually succeed if it 

 were not easier to find another nesting j>lace than to have a long fight. (August 28, 

 1886. Present about ten years.) 



New Jersey. — Bridgeton. Charles E. Bellows: It molests the chipping sparrow, 

 house wren, and summer yellowbird. The purple martin habitually resists the en- 

 croachments of the Sparrow, and will not let one come within a stone's-throw of his 

 house. I have seen the martin fight for former nesting sites, and come off best man 

 every time. (August 26, 1886. Present eighteen years.) 



Caldwell. Marcus S. Crane: It drives away the bluebird, wren, martin, and chip- 

 ping sparrow. It has battles every year with bluebirds for the possession of bird- 

 houses. Last July it drove some martins from their nests under the eaves of my 

 brother's barn, and two years ago they drove some from the nests under the eaves of 

 a neighbor's house. (February 19, 1884. Present about fourteen years.) 



Haokensack. Weldon F, Fosdick : I have never noticed any trouble between the 

 Sparrow and other birds. (August 26, 1886. Present fifteen years.) 



Orange. Lloyd McKim Garrison : City and suburb. It molests and to some extent 

 drives away the wren, bluebird, downy woodpecker, purple martin, cliff swallow, and 

 barn swallow. (February 11, 1884. Present many years.) 



Plainfield. F. T. Cuthbert: It has been observed to drive away from their former 

 nesting places the robin, bluebird, thrushes, song sparrow, and catbird. (February, 

 1887.) 



Iiidgewood (country). Henry Hales : I have not seen it molest our native birds 

 except in struggles for nests, and by crowding out from near the buildings bluebirds, 

 chippies, and wrens, and in winter our tree and song sparrows. I have a number of 

 nest-boxes up on trees, intended for bluebirds, wrens, and purple martins. If the 

 Sparrow occupies them I find no inclination in wrens or bluebirds to dispossess them • 

 they would rather go off, and so get crowded out. I have no martins now. I have 

 not seeu any bird reclaim its nest. (January 18, 1887. Present about fifteen years.) 

 Tnckerton. S. Jillson : It takes possession of all the boxes put up for bluebirds 

 and martins, and will soon occupy all the hollow trees and woodpecker holes. (Feb- 

 ruary 10, lb'84: Present about eleven years.) 



New York.— Alfred Centre. F. S. Place : Last spring I saw the Sparrow and house 

 wrens quarrelling over a hole in the limb of an apple tree. This was kept up for 

 several days until the Sparrow finally succeeded in driving away the wrens, when it 

 nested there. (1885.) 



