31 



cwtes gramineus), Savanna Sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis sa- 

 vanna), and the Mourning Dove (Zenaidura macroura). There was 

 also great movement among the Hawks and Ducks, and among the 

 Waders of the genus Totanus. To appreciate the full effect of this 

 wave, observations must extend oyer nearly the whole of the Missis- 

 sippi Valley north of Saint Louis. The warm wave was felt almost to 

 British America, and everywhere it started the birds northward. Ow- 

 ing to lack of notes the movements in the immediate vicinity of Saint 

 Louis cannot be followed. The few stations in that section that have 

 furnished reports made no mention of any special movement and noticed 

 but few arrivals, the principal one being that of the Brown Thrush. To 

 the northward, however, the case was very different. The warm weather 

 reached Iowa the following day (March 23) aud the general character 

 of the reports from Iowa and southern Wisconsin is well expressed by 

 the following remarks from the observer at Waukon, Iowa (lat. 43° 15') : 



"We had a pleasant fall, and a severe winter until the middle of March. 

 Since then it has been mild and pleasant uutil about April 1. Spring 

 really began about March 23, and the first wave of birds came then. 

 That was the greatest day for migration of birds I ever saw. The bulk 

 of Eobins, Bluebirds, Ducks, and Geese came, and hundreds of Black- 

 birds came also." (E. M. Hancock.) 



Between Waukon and Saint Louis most of the reports mention ar- 

 rivals which agree very closely with the birds of the fourth wave at 

 Saint Louis. There is not enough uniformity in these reports, however, 

 to indicate with positiveness that the birds of the fourth wave spread 

 over this section during the night of March 22, but there is a general 

 tendency in this direction, so that it may be said that the arrivals re- 

 ported March 23 over much of Iowa and southern Wisconsin were such 

 as would have been noted had the fourth wave passed over during the 

 previous night. The principal exceptions occurred along the courses of 

 the larger rivers, where the arrivals were somewhat earlier (that is 

 about March 20). North of Waukon the movements of the first wave 

 only were recorded. In favored localities the effects began to be no- 

 ticed March 23, but in the majority of cases the following day witnessed 

 the great advance. The results of this wave are easily traced to lati- 

 tude 45°, and in the neighborhood of the Mississippi and Missouri 

 rivers to latitude 40°. Some idea of the magnitude of the flight of 

 birds which took place March 23 may be had from the report from Heron 

 Lake, Minnesota (latitude 43° 48'), with which the report from Storm 

 Lake, Iowa (latitude 42° 37'), agrees almost exactly. It was the first 

 wave of real migration, and brought Mallards, Pintails, Gad walls, Wid- 

 geons, Big and Little Scaups, Golden-eyes 5 Red-heads, Canvas-backs, 

 Butter-balls, Green- winged Teal, Hooded and American Sheldrakes, 

 Spoon-billed Ducks or Shovellers, Brant, Herring Gulls, Coots, Killdeer 

 Plovers, Ravens, large numbers of Blackbirds, and one Meadowlark. 

 Most of the species appeared iu great numbers and some of the Ducks 



