75 



October 3. It was common at Argusville, October 4, and at Bonham 

 October 23. 



169a. Chen hyperborea nivalis (Forst.). [591,] Greater Snow Goose. 



The eastern representative of the preceding ; occurs in winter chiefly 

 along the Atlantic coast, but sometimes enters the Mississippi Valley. 

 In western Manitoba it was reported to bean abundant spring migrant, 

 but less common in the fall (Thompson). Possibly the foregoing was 

 mistaken for it. 



171a. Anser albifrons gambeli (HartL). [593a.] White- fronted Goose. 



Breeds in the far North; winters in the Gulf States and southward, 

 in mild winters occurring as far north as southern Illinois. Migratory 

 over the rest of the Mississippi Valley. In 1884 the first reached Man- 

 hattan, Kans., March 8, where they were common March 15. March 

 20 they arrived at Saint Louis j and April 1 at Vermillion, Dak. The 

 bulk came to Storm Lake, Iowa, April 14. 



In the spring of 1885 the first report of arrival was from Des Moines, 

 Iowa, April 1. The only other notes were from Menoken, Dak., April 

 23, and Ossowo, Manitoba, May 11. In the fall of 1885 the last was 

 seen at Heron Lake, Minn., November 2. 



Dr. Agersborg says that in southeastern Dakota it is a rare migrant, 

 "always found associating with the Snow Geese." Mr. Lloyd states 

 that in Tom Green and Concho counties, Tex., it is " tolerably common 

 in winter." Mr. Nehrling states that in eastern Texas, near Houston, 

 it u is the first Goose to arrive from the North in autumn, but they all 

 migrate further south." 



172. Branta canadensis (Linn.). [594.] Canada Goose. 



Winters in the southern half of the United States, and breeds on both 

 sides of our northern boundary. It breeds regularly at Heron Lake, 

 Minn., and has been known to breed in southern Illinois (Nelson). Such 

 is a brief statement of its range, but the records in the winter of 1883-'84 

 furnish material for a more detailed statement. During December 

 Geese were not uncommon up to latitude 3S°, but during the extreme 

 cold of January only stragglers could be found north of latitude 35°. 

 January 11 a flock of 25 to 30 was seen at Vermillion, Dak., where 

 they had never before been seen in winter. January 4 a flock of fifty 

 passed over Manhattan, Kans., flying east. From Caddo, Ind. Ter., 

 southward they were seen all winter, or at least every few days. The 

 first movement took place in January. January 11 they passed over 

 Yazoo City, Miss., flying north, and when the warm waves came the 

 last of the month they pressed rapidly forward. They reached Saint 

 Louis January 22. January 25 was a great day for Geese, many troops 

 going north. February 1 they passed north over Pierce City, Mo., in 

 large flocks, and arrived at Glasgow, Mo., Odin, 111., and Unadilla, 

 Nebr. February 4 the first movement was noticed at Abbeville, La., 



