129 



several times in the pine timber. Near Houston, in eastern Texas, it is 

 not rare (Nehrling). It is resident throughout its range. 



396. Dryobates scalaris bairdi (Sclater). [363.] Texas Woodpecker. 



.Resident in Texas; noted from San Angelo as very abundant, breeding 

 from April 10 to May 15, where clutches of four, five, six, and eight 

 eggs were taken. Common also in eastern Texas (Nehrling) and in the 

 valley of the lower Eio Grande (Sennett & Merrill). 



400. Picoides arcticus (Swains.). [367.] Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. 



Kesident in Manitoba and northern Minnesota. This is one of the 

 migratory Woodpeckers, but its movements are not extensive. In the 

 Mississippi Valley these movements are limited to a migration from its 

 summer home in British America to the United States, where it remains 

 during the winter, returning in the spring. Even in winter it is more 

 abundant in Manitoba than in summer. Individuals have been known 

 to occur in northern Illinois, but are seldom seen south of latitude 40°. 

 They were reported by Yernon Bailey from Elk Eiver, Minn., and some 

 years ago I met them at White Earth, Minn., and had the pleasure 

 of ascertaining that they nested in that State.* 



402. Sphyrapicus varius (Liuii.). [369.] Yellow -bellied Woodpecker. 



A common summer resident in Manitoba and the northern part of the 

 Mississippi Valley. This is one of the three regularly migratory Wood- 

 peckers which inhabit the Mississippi Valley, and its migrations are more 

 extended than are those of either of the others. The extreme limits of 

 its range are separated by 3,000 miles, for it has been recorded from 

 Guatemala to Greenland, but of course no single individual has trav- 

 ersed the whole of this distance. Still, since it seldom breeds south of 

 latitude 42°, the most unambitious has many a long mile to travel. In 

 the winter of 1883-'81 it was found as far north as Danville, in Illinois, 

 and Moxming Sun, in Iowa, but was rare at both places. From these 

 points southward for 300 miles it is a rare winter visitant, but its regu- 

 lar winter home is south of latitude 37°. Even at Caddo, Ind. Ter. (lat. 

 34° ll'), it was not common, and its quietness and retired habits made it 

 seem even less numerous. In the spring of 1881, migration commenced 

 at Gainesville, Tex. (lat. 33° 36'), March 6, when the bulk of the winter 

 residents departed; the last followed on the 11th. Migrants had be- 

 come quite numerous at Pierce City, Mo. (lat. 3G° 56'), by March 19, 

 and this wave brought the first of the migrants to Saint Louis March 

 26. An accidental bird was seen at Chicago February 16, but the 

 regular advance did not reach there until about the 8th of April. By 

 April 10 they had reached Lauesboro, Minn, (lat. 43° 43'). They were 

 seen at Eiver Falls, Wis. (lat. 44° 45'), April 12, and two days later at 

 Elk Eiver, Minn. (lat. 45° 25'). The bulk rarely falls more than three 



*[In July, 1877, Dr. Thomas S. Roberts found this Woodpecker breeding iu Carlton, 

 county, Minn. (Bull. Nutt. Ornith. Club, vol. IV, 1879, p. 154).— C. II. M.] 

 7365— Bull 2 9 



