147 



without the Whippoorwill, were reported by two stations; the other 

 two without the Kiugbird by six stations, and one station reported the 

 Kingbird and Whippoorwill without the Brown Thrasher. At two 

 stations all three were seen. Now what conclusions can be drawn from 

 these facts ? It is evident that the peculiarity of the records must be 

 due to irregularity of migration or to irregular or incomplete observa- 

 tion, and it is probable that both causes affect the result. These rec- 

 ords show also how necessary it is, in studying migration, to have notes 

 from a large number of stations. The seven of the above mentioned 

 stations which did not report the Kingbird by April 23 recorded its 

 arrival the following number of days afterwards, namely, one, fourteen, 

 nine, six, eight, four, and twenty days, respectively. 



Eeturning again to the regular migration of the Kingbird, the records 

 show that it was seen at Odin, 111., April J 9; the next day at Saint 

 Louis and Glasgow, Mo.; April 21 at Mount Carmel, Mo., and Manhattan, 

 Kans.; April 22 and 23 at Paris and Hennepin, 111., and Ferry, Ooral- 

 ville, Knoxville, and La Porte City, Iowa. 



Although this same warm wave carried the Whippoorwill and the 

 Brown Thrasher a full hundred miles farther north than any of these 

 stations, no further advance of the Kingbird was noted during the rest 

 of the month. Its advance from the region where the last wave left it 

 to latitude 45° seems to have taken place in two separate flights, about 

 a week apart, both passing over the same country. And since the in- 

 terval between these two flights was occupied by snow-storms and 

 freezing weather, it may be inferred that the advance-guard of King- 

 birds had encountered the cold wave, which delayed the arrival of any 

 other detachments until the weather moderated. The stations visited 

 by the scouts on May 4 and 5 were Batavia, 111., Delavan, Wis. (where 

 it was first seen May 1), Stoughton, W T is., Lake Mills, Wis., New Oassel, 

 Wis., Kochester, Minn., Excelsior, Minn, (first seen May 2), and Min- 

 neapolis, Minn. The second detachment was noted from May 11 to 13 

 at Batavia, 111. (common); Rockford, 111. (common); Lake Mills, Wis- 

 (bulk arrived); Leeds Centre, Wis. (first); Ripou, Wis. (first); River 

 Falls, Wis. (first); Ames, Iowa (first); Williamstown, Iowa (first); 

 Waukon, Iowa (first); Lanesboro, Minn, (first); Heron Lake, Minn. 

 (first); Lake City, Minn, (first), and Huron, Dak. (first). The first at 

 Elk River, Minn., was seen May 14; at New Richmond, Wis , May 15; 

 at Menoken, Dak., May 17 ; Two Rivers, Manitoba, and Oak Point, 

 Manitoba, May 21. The two notes from Nebraska (Unadilla April 27 

 and Linwood May 2) agreed very well with records from both Kansas 

 and Dakota 



In the fall of 1885 the last Kingbird was reported from Elk River, 

 Minn., September 1; Grinnell, Iowa, August 4; Saint Louis, Mo., 

 August 18; Mount Carmel, Mo., September 17; and Bonham, Tex., 

 October 17. In Concho and Tom Green Counties, Tex. 7 it is a rather 

 rare fall visitant. 



