199 



had left, apparently, April 30, but a single bird was seen May 3. Dur- 

 ing the winter it was found, though in smaller numbers, at Heron Lake 

 and Lanesboro, Minn. February 23 and February 24 the first pro- 

 nounced general movement was felt at Saint Louis and Lanesboro; but 

 while it was a wave of departure at Saint Louis it was one of arrival at 

 Lanesboro. This movement does not seem to have extended farther 

 north than Lanesboro, and in many places probably the relative num- 

 ber of birds was left undisturbed. The first arrival at Waupaca, Wis., 

 was noted March 24, at which time the species was exceedingly abun- 

 dant at Iowa City and Lanesboro. By March 29 it had become abun- 

 dant at Minneapolis and Elk River, Minn , where it arrived in large 

 numbers on that and the preceding day. April 1 it arrived at West 

 De Pere and Green Bay, Wis., and April 2 it reached Frazee City, Minn. 

 It was noted at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, April 15. At Milwaukee 

 it did not appear in large numbers before April 26, ten days after the 

 bulk had left Des Moines, Iowa. At West De Pere, Wis., it remained 

 abundant until May 6. 



In winter the center of abundance is along latitude 39°, south of which 

 it reaches to latitude 31°, being found but rarely in the Gulf States 

 east of Texas. Caddo, Ind. Ter. (lat. 34° IF), is about as far south as 

 the species winters in any numbers. 



In the fall of 18S4 the first Tree Sparrow appeared at Elk River, 

 Minn., October 9; while the first was not reported from Hastings, Minn., 

 until November 30. At Elk River the bulk arrived October 13 and left 

 November 1. The first was reported from Des Moines, Iowa, Novem- 

 ber 15, and from Mount Carmel, Mo., November 13. The bulk arrived at 

 Mount Carmel November 11. There can be no doubt about the cold- 

 enduring powers of this bird. At White Earth, Minn. (lat. 47° OF), on 

 New Year's Day, 1885, a dock came around the house seemingly in ex- 

 cellent health and spirits, though the mercury indicated thirty-five 

 degrees below zero. There was no other record of its wintering north 

 of latitude 44°. Many were seen at Lanesboro, Minn., February 6. 



In the spring of 1885 the bulk of migration took place in the ten days 

 from March 30 to April 8, but the records were too irregular to admit of 

 tracing the movements of the van. The first was seen at Elk River, 

 Minn., April 2, and at Shell River, Manitoba, April 10. At Saint Louis, 

 Mo., the last was seen April 2 ; at Grinnell, Iowa, April 5; Waukon, 

 Iowa, April 9; Manhattan, Kans., April 12; New RickmoLicl, Wis., April 

 18; Huron, Dak., April 18; Lanesboro, Minn., April 24; and Elk River, 

 Minn., May 11. The Tree Sparrow is not known to breed south of our 

 northern boundary. In the fall of 18S5 the first returned to River Falls, 

 Wis., October 17; Lanesboro, Minn., October 18; Grinnell, Iowa, Octo- 

 ber 27; Des Moines, Iowa, October 29; and Saint Louis, Mo., Novem- 

 ber 12. 



559 a. Spizella monticola ochracea Brewst. [210, part. ] Western Tree Sparrow. 



The Western Tree Sparrow breeds in Alaska and migrates over west- 



