214 



of bulk; March 23, many, noisy, conspicuous ; March 31, transients in parties of six 

 to eight; April 1, summer residents carrying building material; April 4, last tran- 

 sient; April 17 to 19, singing, fighting, love making; May 24, first young out of nest. 



At Manhattan, Kans., two broods are reared in a season; the first 

 young are hatched early in May; the nests are almost invariably built 

 upon the ground; the second brood is hatched in June, and the nests 

 are almost uniformly built in bushes from 2 to 7 feet from the ground. 



In the fall of 1884 the last Ohewiuk was seen at Des Moines, Iowa, 

 August 29; the bulk left Mount Carmel, Mo., October 20, and the last 

 October 27 ; at San Augelo, Tex., the first came September 29, and by 

 October 9 they were common. 



In the spring of 1885 there was almost a double set of notes for this 

 species. The second record, in at least half the cases, was a week or 

 more later thau the first, instead of a day or two later, as is the rule 

 with most birds. At Saint Louis, Mo., the first came March 10, and 

 the bulk of males on the 14th; and on this latter date the first one was 

 seen at Shawneetown, 111. Two days before this the second" was seen 

 at Odin, III., the first having come long before. The first reached 

 Paris, 111., March 27, the day before it was noted at Manhattan, Kans. 

 Then there was a double movement. The first wave (from April 1 to 

 April 6) brought large numbers of Chewinks to southern Iowa, and a 

 sprinkling to various points in northern Illinois. The second occurred 

 after an interval of two weeks, and brought a second set of u firsts" to 

 Iowa and Illinois on April 20, April 21, and April 22, and passed on to 

 latitude 45°, in Wisconsin and Minnesota. After another pause, Elk 

 Eiver, Minn., was reached May 0; Menoken, Dak., May 12; White 

 Earth, Minn., May 16 (many were seen), and Oak Point, Manitoba, May 

 18. The last left Bonham, Tex., April 14, and Gainesville, Tex., May 12. 



In the fall of 1885 the last Che wink was reported from Elk Eiver, 

 Minn., September 29; from Lanesboro, Minn., November 8; Grinnell, 

 Iowa, October 17 ; Iowa City, Iowa, October 17; and Des Moines, Iowa, 

 October 7. At Saint Louis, Mo., Chewinks were common in large flocks 

 September 23; the bulk arrived October 5; they were most numerous 

 from October 6 to October 12 ; the bulk departed October 20, and the 

 last transient was seen November 11. At Mount Carmel, Mo., the last 

 was seen December 16. The first migrant reached Bonham, Tex., No- 

 vember 11. and they became common November 16. 



588. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swains.). [238.] Arctic TowJiee. 



In our district this Towhee occurs in Texas, Indian Territory, Kansas, 

 Nebraska, and Dakota. In winter it is found from western Kansas 

 southward. Mr. Lloyd states that it is a tolerably common winter resi- 

 dent in Tom Green and Concho Counties, Tex. At Ellis, Kans., in 1884, 

 the first was seen April 27. At Manhattan it was probably heard March 

 15; the first was seen March 19; the bulk came April 2Q) the species 

 was still abundant May 3 ; the bulk left May 10; and the last was seen 

 May 12. 



