215 



In the spring' of 1885 the first Arctic Towhee was seen at Manhattan, 

 Kans., February 25; the second March 7, and was common April 26. 



In migration, at Manhattan, Kans., the Arctic Towhee is much more 

 abundant than the eastern species. In the autumn they linger until 

 late in the winter, sometimes remaining with erythrophthalmus during 

 the entire winter. In the spring they arrive in large numbers after 

 erythrophthalmus, and remain about two weeks. 



590. Pipilo chlorurus (Towns.). [239.] Green-tailed Towhee. 



The home of this species is in the interior plateau region of the United 

 States, from the western border of the plains to the Sierra Nevada, 

 from about latitude 40° south into Mexico. Several years ago it was 

 taken in southwestern Texas, and February 25, 1885, Mr. Harry Att- 

 water took a specimen at San Antonio, Tex. Mr. Lloyd has recently 

 published the following in regard to its occurrence in Texas: 



The bird must be spreading east, as I see it as far east as the head draws of the 

 Middle Concho. Common on the east side of Pecos River. Probably breeds. 



591. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus (Baird). [240.] Canon Towhee. 



This Towhee occurs as far north as Colorado, but enters our district 

 in Texas only, where Mr. Lloyd found it a tolerably common resident in 

 Tom Green County. 



593. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.). [242.] Cardinal. 



The Cardinal inhabits all of the Mississippi Valley east of the plains 

 and south of southern Nebraska and southern Iowa, and has been found 

 occasionally in Minnesota. South of latitude 41° it is stationary, 

 while north of this parallel some remain in the whiter, but most go 

 south. Dr. Watson gave it as rare at Ellis, Kans., but Mr. Lloyd fouud 

 it common at San Angelo, Tex. Mr. Widmaun said of its winter habits 

 at Saint Louis: "It is here one of the most numerous of the winter 

 birds, occurring in pairs, family groups, and flocks, and remaining at or 

 near the breeding grounds all winter. In hard times corn is the chief 

 attraction." At Caddo, Ind. Ter., its habits were somewhat different. 

 During the fall, Cardinals were found among the thick, tall weed 

 patches around the cotton fields; they were silent aud so shy that they 

 were seldom seen, sheltering themselves in the almost impenetrable 

 mass of foliage. During the latter part of November, when most of the 

 leaves had fallen, they retreated to the thickets along the stream. Here 

 they staid in great numbers until real winter, when they began to flock 

 into town, and as long as snow lasted they could be found everywhere 

 around the houses where not one had been seen for several months. A 

 warm period would find them back in the thickets, only to return with 

 the next cold snap. The most northern record received was from Iowa 

 City, Iowa, where one was seen April 17, but it may have been an es- 

 caped cage-bird. 



In the spring of 1885 two Cardinals were seen in January at Morning 

 Sun, Iowa, but they were not recorded during the winter of 1881-'85 



