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from latitude 39° to latitude 41°, in Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, and Ne- 

 braska; that during the next two weeks of cold, freezing weather, lit- 

 tle, if any, general advance was made, but that enough adventurous 

 birds pressed forward to thoroughly confuse the record. During the 

 two weeks from March 7 to 21, most of the Eobins abandoned winter 

 quarters and appeared in new localities, which caused them to be re- 

 corded as common throughout the Mississippi Valley south of the par- 

 allel of 39°. On the night of March 21 the weather began to moderate 

 aud the following records of " firsts" were made during the progress of 

 the warm wave which followed : Eobins were reported at Chicago, 111., 

 and Milwaukee, Wis., March 22; Delavan, Wis., and Waukon, Iowa, 

 March 23 ; Stoughtou and Leeds Centre, Wis., and Eochester and Excel- 

 sior, Minn., March 26. During the last two days of March and the firsfc 

 day of April, countless thousands of birds were moving in the Upper 

 Mississippi Valley. Among them the Eobin was not a small factor, and 

 its arrival was noted in northern and northwestern Iowa at Williams- 

 town, Sioux City, and Emmetsburgh; at Hastings in eastern Minnesota; 

 at Heron Lake in southwestern Minnesota, and at Durand, Luck, New 

 Cassel, and Green Bay, Wis. Just north of these places the following 

 line of stations reported the first April 3 and 4: Grand View and Huron, 

 Dak.; Minneapolis (two observers), Fridley and Elk Eiver, Minn.; and 

 Menokbn, Dak., (April 5). A 25-mile ride at White Earth, Minn., found 

 the country quite well sprinkled with small flocks, more than two hun- 

 dred in all being seen, where all the previous spring not a Eobin had 

 been found. Two d?iys later the first Eobin made its appearance at 

 Oak Point, Manitoba, where the species was marked as common, April 

 9. These were probably early birds, since the other records for Mani- 

 toba are Shell Eiver, April 13; Two Eivers, April 16; and Ossowo^ 

 April 18, and it was not considered common at any of these places 

 before April 20. The whole record from Saint Louis is as follows : 

 March 2, first, a summer sojourner at its stand ; March 3, small troops 

 of transients on the wing; March 5, first female at stand; March 10 

 to 14, the bulk of the summer sojourners arrived at their stands, and 

 many transients passed in flocks; March 26 to April 2, the most con- 

 spicuous songster; April 2, the bulk of transients had gone north, light- 

 colored troops still lingered; April 11 to 16, parties of transients were 

 still with us ; April 17, last flock seen. 



Col. G. B, Brackett writes from Denmark, Iowa, that about the mid- 

 dle of April, for the last three years, immense flocks of Eobins, num- 

 bering many thousands, have come to roost at night in the evergreens 

 on his premises. They usually remained about two weeks. 



In the fall of 1885, at Ossowo, Manitoba, the last Eobin was seen Octo- 

 ber 20; at Elk Eiver, Minn., October 21; Eivei Falls, Wis., October 

 29; Lanesboro, Minn., November 3; Milwaukee, Wis., November 11; 

 Iowa City, Iowa, October 26 ; Des Moines, Iowa, October 24; Fern wood, 

 111 , November 21; Fayette, Mo., October 28^ and Mount Carmel, Mo., 



