HALLOCK CODE. 19 



tory game l)ird is in danger of extinction and its killing and sale have 

 been prohibited in two or more States h^ing south of the Province, one 

 being New York, Pennsylania, or Michigan, the Lieutenant-Governor- 

 in-Council may extend the same protection to Ontario for the same 

 period during which the bird is protected in such States (see p. 144). 

 The need of greater uniformity, particularly in seasons, has long- 

 been recognized, and the success which has attended the efforts in this 

 direction during the present year gives new importance to the sugges- 

 tions made a few 3'ears ago in an outline of cooperative game legisla- 

 tion known as the Hallock Code. 



A STEP TOWARD UNIFORMITY— THE HALLOCK CODE. 



In an address before the National Game, Bird, and Fish Protective 

 Association ^ in 1897 Mr. Charles Hallock advocated a code of coopera- 

 tive legislation, in accordance with which the United States was to be 

 divided into three 'concessions,'^ in each of which the laws were to 

 be as uniform as possible, the open seasons identical, and protection 

 was to be accorded to insectivorous birds, l)ut withheld from a few 

 species considered injurious. 



The feature of special interest in this connection is the simple 

 manner in which the States were grouped together. The three con- 

 cessions were named Northern, Southern, and Pacific, and as origi- 

 nally proposed were limited as follows: All the region west of the 

 crest of the Rocky Mountains was included in the Pacific, while all that 

 east of this range was divided at latitude 36° 30' into a Northern and 

 a Southern concession. This division, however, had the disadvantage 

 of cutting through Colorado and New Mexico, thus giving each a 

 double set of laws. Moreover, the Pacific concession extended from 

 Puget Sound to the Mexican boundary and embraced wide extremes 

 of climate. The scheme has therefore been slightl}^ modified, for 

 present purposes, by extending the Northern concession over the 

 whole of Colorado and allowing the Southern to include not only all of 

 New Mexico, but also Arizona (see PI. III). This places all the region 

 south of latitude 36° 30' (except part of southern California) in one 

 division. All the States east of the Rocky Mountains with these excep- 

 tions belong to the Northern or Southern concessions, while California, 

 Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington form the Pacific. For 

 a simple division this seems to meet all requirements fairly well, and 

 while it ma}^ not be practicable to secure identical laws in all the 

 States in each group, a strong effort should at least be made to have 

 the close seasons correspond as nearly as possible. 



1 Western Field and Stream, Vol. I, pp. 232-234, 1897. 



^Called 'concession' because based on compromise and reciprocity. 



