20 BIRDS OF A MARYLAND FARM. 



retreats and journej^ed over to the hog-lot gully, the river front, and 

 even the doorj^ard. Several pairs of blue jaj^s and scarlet tanagers fre- 

 quented the oaks bordering lot tt. Two or three pairs of red- winged 

 blackbirds, that sometimes fed on the cultivated land, nested in the 

 calamus swamp (PI. VII, fig. 1). Purple finches were found during 

 the colder half of the year along the brink of the blufi'. Barn swallows 

 nested in the cow barn one summer, but the individuals usually seen 

 were visitors from other farms, as were also the purple martins, white - 

 bellied swallows, and rough-winged swallows, that mingled with the 

 barn swallows, often in a flock of a hundred, and skimmed over the 

 field in pursuit of insects. 



The red-eyed vireo, in summer one of the most abundant species on 

 the farm, built in trees everywhere, but was most numerous in decid- 

 uous woodland. Having strictly arboreal habits, it did not feed among 

 field crops, but protected the foliage of orchard, shade trees, and woods. 

 The white-ej^ed vireo was found in moist places outside of the culti- 

 vated land and also in the woodland about the calamus swamp. The 

 last-named locality sheltered large numbers of migrating warblers in 

 spring and fall. Here at these seasons could be noted the black- 

 throated blue warbler, myrtle warbler, magnolia warbler, black-poll 

 warbler, black-throated green warbler, pine warbler, prairie warbler, 

 oven-bird, the two species of water-thrushes, Wilson's blackcap, and the 

 Canadian warbler. The 3^ellow warbler built near the house and also 

 in willow swamp land back from the arable area. The redstart nested 

 on the west side of the swamp. The Maryland 3^ellow-throat, rivaling 

 the song sparrow in numbers, frequented all the moist, bush}^ regions, 

 but often came out into the five lots to feed along the fence rows, and 

 was sometimes seen scurrying among the leaves of tobacco. Half a 

 dozen or more pairs of long-billed marsh wrens had nests in the swamp 

 (PL VII, fig. 1). Carolina chickadees nested near the swamp and in 

 the pin oaks of the woods near lots 1 and 5, and several were seen in 

 the orchard and the hog-lot gully. Tufted titmice were occasionallj^ 

 observed in the neighborhood of the swamp and the same woods. 

 Kinglets of both species occurred in the apple orchards. The hermit 

 thrush, olive-backed thrush, gra3^-cheeked thrush, and Wilson's thrush 

 occurred during migration in the oaks bordering lot i. The wood 

 thrush was found breeding in the forest east of the calamus swamp 

 (PI. VII, fig. 2), but never came out into the garden or house j^ard, as 

 it often does in more northern States. 



TOPOGRAPHY OF HUNGERFORD FARM. 



In order to stud}^ the efi'ect of birds on a greater variety of crops 

 than were grown on the Brj^an farm alone, the next two farms, namely, 

 the Marshall farm and the Hungerford farm, which were conveniently 

 situated for the purpose and were kindly placed at my service by the 



