92 BIEDS OF A MAEYLAND FARM. 



of honey bees. The parasitic wasps included forms of the families 

 Ichneumonidae and Scoliid?e. Of the beetles, which were by all means 

 the most interesting element of the insect food, ground-beetles (includ- 

 ing Anisodactylus and Cratacanthus dubius) furnished 2 percent, tiger- 

 beetles, soldier-beetles (Chaidiognathus ^j'e^^n^y/i'tt^i/c^^S'), and dung- 

 beetles {Atxnhis Q.nd Ajj hod his) 3 percent, and injurious beetles of the 

 following species 30 percent: 



Rose-ch&ier {Macrodactylus subspinosus). Locust leaf-mining beetle {Odontota dor- 

 Southern June-beetle (AUorhina nitida). sails) . 



Shining leaf-chafer [Anomala). Blister-beetle [Epicauta cinerea) . 



Sad flower-beetle ( £"16/)/? or?a melancholica) . Asparagus-beetle ( Crioceris asparagi). 

 Long-horned beetles (including Lepiura). 



Asparagus- beetles and blister-beetles are scarcely eyer eaten bj 

 other birds and rose-chafers seldom; hence the seryice rendered by the 

 kingbird in destroying these insects and others of an injurious charac- 

 ter in large numbers makes it one of the most yaluable allies of the 

 farmer. 



Of the remaining flycatchers collected, the wood pewee and the 

 Acadian fl^^catcher are purely insectiyorous, and the phoebe and the 

 great crested flycatcher, though subsisting chiefl}^ on insects, quite 

 often, especially in late summer, vary their fare with fruit. 



One Acadian flycatcher was collected. It had eaten a spider, a 

 parasitic wasp, a long-horned beetle, a leaf -beetle {O'rejjidodera)^ and 

 a banded-winged horsefly {Chrysops). 



Of 11 wood pewees all had taken beetles, including click-beetles, long- 

 horned beetles {Le2ytxiraTuljricct)^d\xxi^-\i^^\\^^ {0)itJiophagus 2>ennsyl- 

 vaniciis), soldier-beetles {ChauUognathus j>ennsylvanicus)^ locust leaf- 

 mining beetles {Odontota dorsalis) and a related leaf -beetle {Ilsemoni-a 

 nigricornls)^ and weeyils of the species Phytoncnaus j)U'f^ctahis and 

 Spheiiophorus zese. Seyen had destroyed parasitic wasps, including 

 Braconidfe, Eyaniida?, Ichneumonida? {2fesoste7ius and others), and 

 Scoliidse (Tij)hia inornatct)\ -1 had eaten flies {CJvironomus^ Scq^ro- 

 myza vulgaris^ Lucilla cse8ai\ and other muscid flies); 1 had taken a 

 moth; and 3 had eaten, respectiyely. a caddis-fly, a May-beetle, and a 

 spider. Although the wood pewee destro3"s large numbers of injuri- 

 ous insects, especially beetles, it feeds so eagerh^ on the useful para- 

 sitic wasps that its scarcity at Marshall Hall was perhaps fortunate 

 for the owners of the farms. 



Three phcebe (tig. 33) stomachs were collected. Their contents were 

 chiefly beetles of the following kinds: 



Anisodactylus. Lachnosterna. 



Cicindela. Odontota dorsalis. 



Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus. Orsodachna atra. 



Canthon. CoUops quadrimaculatus. 



Aphodius inquinatus. Lema trilineata. 

 Onthophagus pennsylvanicus. 



