i^LACK AND WHITE WAttBLEK. 2l 



do not alight until they have passed well up into the interior, while 

 later birds and exhausted migrants stop at the first land sighted. 

 North of Kentucky the following records show the average date of 

 the first birds noted: Chicago, April 30; Waterloo, Ind., May 2; 

 northern Ohio, April 30; southern Wisconsin, May 2; southern Mich- 

 igan, April 29; southern Ontario, April 29; Parry Sound district, 

 Ontario, May 4; Ottawa, Ontario, May 7; southeastern Iowa, April 

 19; Lanesboro, Minn., April 28; Elk River, Minn., May 3; Aweme, 

 Manitoba, May 8; Edmonton, Alberta, May 6, 1897; Fort McMurray, 

 Athabasca, May 15, 1901; Fort Chippewyan, Athabasca, May 26, 1893; 

 and Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, May 28, 1861, and May 23, 1904. 



The dates of arrival of the black and white warbler in Texas, rela- 

 tive to the dates of its arrival in the Mississippi Valley, are earlier 

 than in the case of any other warbler. The bird reaches northern 

 Texas at least twelve days before it arrives at corresponding latitudes 

 on the Mississippi River and the Atlantic coast. The fact should be 

 particularly noted that it is found in northern Texas before it is 

 observed in the southern part of the State. The same fact will be 

 noted in connection w^ith several other species. To emphasize the 

 point the full record for Texas is given: Corpus Christi, March 23, 

 1878, March 31, 1898, March 13, 1899; San Antonio, March 23, 

 1887, March 10, 1890, March 12, 1891; 30 miles northwest of San 

 Antonio, March 13, 1880, March 14, 1900, March 15, 1901; Austin, 

 March 11, 1890; Dallas, March 12, 1898, March 12, 1899; Gainesville, 

 March 18, 1886, March 11, 1887. 



The species reaches central Kansas about April 15. 



The following are the latest records of the black and white warbler 

 in its winter home: Minca, Colombia, March 26; San Jose, Costa Rica, 

 February 28; Yucatan, April 13; St. Croix Island, March 21; Santo 

 Domingo, Api'il 21, 1895; Cay Lobos lighthouse. May 2-3, 1900; New 

 Providence, Bahamas, May 10; Key West, Fla., May 2. The latest 

 date of striking at any of the lighthouses of southern Florida is 

 April 26. 



Fall migration. — The fall migration of the black and white warbler 

 begins so early that within a few days after the most vigorous 

 migrants have reached their nesting grounds on the Mackenzie River, 

 the birds in the central part of the United States have commenced to 

 depart for the South. The earliest dates of fall arrival at New 

 Orleans are July 10, 1900, and July 12, 1897; at Austin, Tex., July 

 20, 1890, and in southern Florida, the middle of July. At this time 

 in the year black and white warblers are found over a district in 

 North America extending through 2,500 miles of latitude, from 25° 

 to 62°. 



During the southward migration no black and white warblers have 

 been observed to strike the Florida lighthouses until the last week in 



