PAKULA WARBLEK. 45 



N. C, October 29, 1894, and New Orleans, October 30, 1894, November 

 1, 1895, October 27, 1896, October 21, 1897, October 25, 1899, and 

 November 3, 1900. This protracted migration is quite different from 

 that noted on the coast of Nicaragua. Richmond reports that in 

 1892- the first arrivals were noted October 24; that two days later the 

 birds were very abundant; that during the next three days hundreds 

 were seen daily, and that after this none were seen. At San eJose, 

 Costa Rica, where Tennessee warblers are common all through the 

 winter, the}^ were reported as abundant by October 27. The fact also 

 that the species was seen in Costa Rica b}^ September 17 in 1889 would 

 indicate that migration over this part of the route is quite rapid. 



648. Compsothlypis americana (Linn.). Parula Warbler. 



648a. Compsotliljrpis americana usnese Brewster. Xorthern Parula Warbler. 



Present knowledge of the parula warbler does not allow separate 

 treatment of the two forms, americana and nsnece^ as regards winter 

 range or migration, but the boundaries of the breeding ranges can be 

 defined from information alread}^ secured. 



Breeding range. — The southern form of the parula warbler, true 

 americana^ breeds locally in the Gulf States from Alabama to Florida 

 and more commonh^ up the Atlantic slope to the District of Columbia 

 and probabh^ also in Delaware and southern New Jersey. Individuals 

 have been taken casualh^ in Pennsylvania and New York. The range 

 thus practicalh^ coincides with the Austroriparian zone, and its north- 

 ern limits with those of the Spanish moss, in whose festoons americana 

 commonly nests. 



The northern parula warbler — including under this head the indi- 

 viduals that have latel}^ been segregated as the subspecies ramalinse — 

 breeds commonly in the northeastern part of the United States as far 

 north as Maine, and rarely visits or breeds in New Brunswick, Nova 

 Scotia, and Prince Bdward Island. It is common in the Alleghenies, 

 and ranges up to 2,700 feet in the Catskills and the higher mountains of 

 Pennsylvania and Virginia. Along the northern limit of its range it is 

 rare in southern Ontario, southern Michigan, and across Wisconsin to 

 southeastern Minnesota. It is recorded from Mackinac Island in north- 

 ern Michigan, and is one of the warblers that has struck the light-house 

 near there on Spectacle Reef. It is reported as breeding in St. Louis 

 Count}^, northeastern Minnesota. Its regular range extends westward 

 across Iowa to southeastern Nebraska, and thence southward through 

 Indian Territor}^ to Texas. It has been taken casually in the Black 

 Hills of South Dakota and twice in Wjroming, and is a rare visitant 

 in southeastern Colorado. 



Winter range. — The range in Mexico of the species as a whole has 

 been accurately determined by the parties of the Biological Survey. 

 They found it wintering abundantl}" in southern Vera Cruz, Tabasco, 



