116 NORTH AMERICAN WARBLERS. 



throughout most of its range in the Austroriparian zone, but probably 

 not in the tropical region of Florida. 



681d. Geothlypis triclias bracMdactyla (Swains.)- Northern Yellow-tliroat, 



Breeding range. — The breeding range of the northern yellow-throat 

 occupies the whole of the Mississippi Valley from eastern Texas and 

 eastern North Dakota to the Allegheny Mountains, and from the 

 region above the Gulf strip to Minnesota, northern Ontario, Edmon- 

 ton, Alberta, and Chippewyan, Athabasca. The known range of this 

 form to the north was extended to the last two points by parties of 

 the Biological Surve}^, which found the species in 1901 at Edmonton 

 and in 1903 at Chippewyan. East of the AUeghenies the bird breeds 

 from New York and northern New Jersey to southern Labrador and 

 Newfoundland. 



^Yinter range. — In winter the northern yellow-throat is found in 

 the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica; from Louisiana through eastern 

 Texas; from the plateau region of Tamaulipas, Guanajuato, and 

 eTalisco to Oaxaca and Chiapas, and from Yucatan to Guatemala, 

 Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. It is common in the lower districts of 

 Nicaragua.^ This countr}^ marks its normal southern extension, how- 

 ever, for it is so rare in Costa Rica that Cherrie^ saw but five indi- 

 viduals in three years' collecting, and apparently there are onl}^ a few 

 other occurrences recorded.^ A single specimen was taken at Chiriqui, 

 Panama.'^ 



Sj>ring wdgration. — It is impossible to separate the notes on the 

 migration of the three forms of the Maryland 3^ellow-throat occurring 

 on the Atlantic coast. The notes on which the following statements are 

 based probably relate to all three forms. It is likeh^ that the earliest 

 spring migrants seen at the Florida lighthouses are ignota^ and that 

 the earliest in North Carolina are trichas; also that notes of Maryland 

 yellow-throats in migration north of Maryland apply principally to 

 hrachidactyla. The lighthouse records of southern Florida include 

 both ignota and hrachidactyla. The earliest dates of striking at Som- 

 brero Key light are March 6, 10, and 11, 1888, and March 3, 11, and 

 21, 1889. The flight of March 3, 1889, was one of the largest spring 

 flights of Mar3dand yellow-throats ever noted at Sombrero Key. It 

 lasted nearly all night, and during its continuance about 150 birds 

 struck the light. On the same night Maryland yellow-throats also 

 struck the lighthouse at Fowey Rocks on the coast of Florida 95 

 miles northeast of Sombrero Key, which is just south of Cape 

 Sable. This is one of the remarkably few instances where a species 



"Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 485, 1893; Nutting, il)id., VI, p. 382, 

 1883. 



'>Cherrie, Auk, IX, p. 21, 1892. 



f'Frantzius, ,T. f. Orn., p. 293, 1869; Boucard, P. Z. S., p. 52, 1878. 



^^Salvin & Godman, Biol. Cent. Amer., I, p. 150, 1881. 



